October-December, 2021
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The allelopathic activity of the seed powder of two Lupinus albus species on growth
and yield of Vicia faba plant and its associated Malva parviflora weed
Nadia K. Messiha, Ahmed S.A.A., Sanaa A. Mohamed, R.R. El-Masry and Kowther G.
El-Rokiek
ABSTRACT:
Two pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre of Egypt
during winter seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 to study the allelopathic influence of bitter lupine
seed powder (BLSP) or sweet lupine seed powder (SLSP) on the growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia
faba L.) as well as their effect on the associated cheese weed (Malva parviflora). BLSP or SLSP at rates
of (5 to 25g/kg soil) were incorporated into the soil surface of the pots. The obtained results ndicated
that all rates of both BLSP and SLSP significantly minimized fresh and dry weight of cheese weed at
40 DAS and at harvest. Cheese weed weight reduction increased by increasing the rate used of both
lupine seed powder. The maximum reduction of cheese weed dry weight at both ages was recorded with
BLSP at 25g followed by SLSP at 25g and BLSP at 20g/kg soil, which reached to 95.19, 91.72 and
90.38 %, respectively in dry weight of cheese weed at harvest comparing with mixed control. Reduced
growth of cheese weed has been associated with increasing growth of faba bean plants. All rates of
BLSP or SLSP cause significant increases on most faba bean growth parameters, yield and yield
components. Generally, BLSP is more effective than SLSP in controlling cheese weed as well as
increasing the growth, yield and yield components of faba bean plant. The allelopathic efficiency of
BLSP and SLSP could be due to the presence of allelochemicals mainly alkaloids, phenolic and
flavonoids compounds that could play an important role as a natural selective bioherbicide.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 823-831 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.62
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impact of Potassium Silicate Application and Pattern on Yield and Quality of Cowpea
under Fertigation
Reda E. Essa, Alice T. Thalooth, Soad M. El-Ashry and Manal F. Mohamed
ABSTRACT:
Background and Objective: Sustainable production of quality legumes forage in sufficient quantities
constitutes one of the greatest challenges facing breeders and producers. Two field experiments were
performed during the two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 in Wadi El-Natroun, El-Behaira
Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of potassium silicate application and pattern of use on yield and
quality of cowpea grown under sandy soil condition. Methodology: Each experiment is laid out in splitplot
design with three replications. Four potassium rates were distributed in the main plot while pattern
of potassium use were performed in the sub plots. Results: The obtained results showed that potassium
silicate application on combined with pattern of use increase yield components as well as macronutrient
uptake of cowpea grains. Conclusion: From the obtained results, it was revealed that potassium silicate
is of great important for cowpea fertilization and its effect highly reflected by 5 L/fed with month of
pattern.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 832-838 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.63
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fortification of Healthful Bread Gluten Free with Quinoa Seeds, Date Pits and
Psyllium for Celiac Child
Mona S. Halaby and Mena M. Hanna
ABSTRACT:
In the present study, Quinoa Seeds Powder (QSP), Date Pits Powder (DPP) and Psyllium were studied
as potential healthy ingredients for improving the nutritional quality of Gluten-Free Kaiser Bread
(GFKB). Two samples of GFKB that were made from maize, rice and pysllium at two different ratios
(3% and 6% as control samples) without any supplementation have been conducted and evaluated.
Another ten samples were fortified with QSP or DPP at different levels (15% and 20%), or mixed of
QSP at 10% with DPP at 10% using 3% and 6% pysllium as alternative for gluten to improve nutritive
value, taste, odor, texture, color and general appearance. The results showed that fortification of the
GFKB with QSP or DPP at 15% and 20% or mixed from QSP and DPP at 10% + 10% with 6% pysllium
were the best treatment to improve its macro and micronutrients content and organoleptic evaluation
which led to high nutritional value and an acceptable quality compared with those made without
replacements.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 839-848 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.64
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Economic Study of Foreign Agricultural Trade Flows between Egypt and the
COMESA Bloc
Rania M. Barghash and Afaf Z. Othman
ABSTRACT:
The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is considered of the most
important forms of economic cooperation in the African Continent. The research investigates the
problem that the volume of trade exchange between Egypt and the COMESA countries in general, and
agricultural trade in particular. It only accounts for 7.2% during (2014-2018) of the volume of trade
exchange between Egypt and the world. The research aimed to analyze intra-trade flows between Egypt
and countries of the COMESA Bloc over the period (2001-2018) revealed that the value of Egyptian
agricultural imports from the COMESA recorded an average of US$235 million, while the value of
Egyptian agricultural exports to the COMESA recorded an average of US$132 million. Results of
estimating the Basic Gravity Model for Egypt's agricultural imports from the COMESA indicated a
direct relationship between Egypt's GDP and the volume of Egypt's agricultural imports, where 1%
increase in Egypt's GDP lead to increasing Egypt's agricultural imports by 1.6%, the existence of
common borders between Egypt and the COMESA countries result indicated that it has a direct
relationship with the volume of Egypt’s agricultural imports from those countries, which is consistent
with the economic logic, where the existence of common borders between Egypt and the COMESA
countries resulted in increasing Egyptian agricultural imports by 3.22% .Results of estimating the Basic
Gravity Model for agricultural exports indicated that a direct relationship exists between Egypt's GDP
and the volume of Egypt's agricultural exports to the six countries, where 1% increase in Egypt's GDP
leads to increasing Egypt's agricultural exports from the six mentioned countries by 0.05%. As for the
relationship between the geographical distances between Egypt and each of COMESA countries and
Egypt’s agricultural exports to those countries, results indicated an inverse relationship, which is
consistent with both the economic and statistical logic, where a 1% increase in the geographical
distances resulted in reducing Egypt’s agricultural exports to those countries by 0.92%. In regards to
the relationship between the dummy variable representing the existence of common borders between
Egypt and the COMESA countries, results revealed that it has a direct relationship with the volume of
Egypt’s agricultural exports to six countries, which is consistent with the economic logic. So the search
recommended to: developing the currently existing means of transportation between Egypt and each of
the, Studying quality standards requirements of exports demanded by the COMESA markets thus
paying attention to improving the quality of Egyptian exports to those markets, Seeking to on open new
market windows for Egyptian agricultural exports .
[ FULL TEXT PDF 849-858 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.65
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feeding Practice, Oral Hygiene Habits and Its Relation to Dental Caries among
Sample of School Aged Egyptian Children
Yomna Darwish, Nancy A. Khattab, Mohammed Abou El-Yazeed, Nayera E. Hassan and Tamer G. Rashed
ABSTRACT:
Background: Dental caries is a global public health problem and influence the overall health of
children. The risk factors for caries include biological, socio-behavioral and environmental factors. This
cross-sectional study assessed dental caries and their associations with oral hygiene practices and eating
habits among Egyptian children. Methods: This cross sectional study conducted in Cairo Egypt, the
sample consisted of 750 primary school children aged 6-12 years, oral examination was done according
to WHO criteria, and eating and oral hygiene questionnaires was completed by their parents.
Results: Distribution of dental caries was higher in children who ate snacks and sweets and don’t brush
their teeth, higher in females than males, and in group I (6-9) than group II (9-12). Conclusion: there
was weak positive significant difference between dental caries and dental office consultation and tooth
brushing renewal frequency, but there was insignificant correlation between dental caries and other
eating and oral hygiene habits.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 859-865 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.66
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluation of adaptation of dill plants by adding phosphorous sources and
mycorrhiza to improve growth, fruit yield and essential oil
Rania M.R. Khater and Salama Y.A.M
ABSTRACT:
This experiment was conducted at Baluza Station belong to Desert Research Center newly reclaimed
region located at North of Sinai. Egypt during two successive seasons of (2017/2018 and2018/2019),
to study the effect of phosphorous, mycorrhiza and their interaction to improving and adaptation on the
productivity of dill (Anethum graveolens, L.) was investigated. Dill plants were treated with different
sources of phosphorous (mono phosphate ammonium, dai phosphate ammonium, super phosphate
calcium and rock phosphate) with or without mycorrhiza, the experimental design was split plot.
Obtained results showed that, there was a significant increase in all growth, fruit yield and essential oil
composition when using different source phosphorous fertilization where the best treatment was using
rock phosphate, while when using the mycorrhiza application it led to a significant increase in all
measurements. On the other hand, the interaction between different source phosphorous fertilization
and mycorrhiza application led to a significant increase in all parameters such as growth, fruit yield,
volatile oil composition and carvone; while β-phellandrene and d-limonene were reduced when using
rock phosphate and mycorrhiza together.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 866-878 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.67
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate Juice on Immunity and Intestinal Integrity in
Healthy Albino Rats
Hanan A. El-Bakry and Shaimaa A. Anter
ABSTRACT:
Pomegranate has long been recognized as a "healing food," with significant health benefits in a variety
of disorders. It has potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anticancer effects, thus there
has been lately a virtual outbreak of interest in the pomegranate as a functional food. Pomegranate may
have physiological effects on the intestines, and the gut microbiota plays an essential part in its
therapeutic effects. Therefore, we believe that the beneficial effects of pomegranate are intimately tied
to the intestine. Hence, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effect and the intestinal health benefits of
the administration of pomegranate juice (PJ). Rats received 1 ml of PJ for consecutive 28 days. The
present data revealed that PJ administration did not affect the production of TNF-α, INF-γ, and IL-8,
but it enhanced the production of IL-4 exerting an anti-inflammatory effect. It increased villus heights
and goblet cell numbers. Moreover, it improved mucosal immunity by enhancing the development of
germinal center (GC) in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) that is related to the production of
efficient IgA. Therefore, pomegranate juice can increase mucosal integrity, improve intestinal
morphology, which beneficially alters digestion in the small intestine, and enhance mucosal immunity
against pathogens.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 879-886 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.68
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on yield, yield components and chemical
composition of some wheat cultivars
Hassanein M. S., Nabila M. Zaki and Amal G. Ahmed
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were carried out during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons at Wadi El- Rayan
Fayoum Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer (ammonia gas 82%) and organic
fertilizer on yield and its components of two wheat cultivars. The main results could be summarized as
follows: Misr-1 cultivar exceed Sids-1 cultivar in grain yield and its components significantly except
grain yield (ton/fed.) and harvest index%. Addition of 75kg N/feddan (ammonia gas 82%) resulted in a
significant increment in yield and its components except harvest index% comparison with other
treatments (control and 50 kg N/ feddan). The application of organic fertilizer at the rate of 15 ton/
feddan significantly increased yield and its components, except harvest index%. The interaction
between wheat cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer was significant yield and its components except grain
index (g), straw yield ton/feddan, protein percentage and carbohydrate percentage, while the interaction
between wheat cultivars and organic fertilizer was significant in all characters under study except
number of tillers/m2, grain index and straw yield (ton/ feddan). The interaction between nitrogen
fertilizer and organic fertilizer was significant in all characters under study except number of spikes/ m2
and straw yield (ton/ feddan). It is clear from results that the interaction between wheat cultivars x
nitrogen fertilizer x organic fertilizer was significant in all characters under study except number of
spikes/ m2, straw yield (ton/ feddan) and protein percentage%. The most effective treatment were obtain
by using Misr-1 cultivar +75 kg N / fed., + 15 ton / fed., organic fertilizer.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 887-895 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.69
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluation of some locally available casing materials on production of two Agaricus
(LANGE) strains
Saad M. Ghazy, Elsayed A. Omer, Ibrahim M. Gomaa and Mohsen A. El-Mohandes
ABSTRACT:
Six different casing materials were investigated in this study (1) peat moss (100,control) , ( 2) peat moss
+ spent mushroom (3:1), (3) peat moss + vermi-compost (3:1), (4) peat moss + spent mushroom + palm
fronds (2:1:1), (5) peat moss + palm fronds (1:1) and (6) peat moss + vermicompost + palm fronds
(2:1:1), on production and harvest quality of two Agaricus bisporus strains (S-1 and S-2). These
experiments were conducted at Tanta Mushroom Station, Gharbia Governorate in 2019. The results
showed that the type of casing material had a significant effect on the yield potential and growth
behavior of mushroom. Among the tested Casing materials, the best casing layer was the mixture of
(peat moss + palm fronds + vermicompost) with both (S-1) and (S-2) strains which exhibited in pinhead
initiation (28 and 29.5 days); growth period of the three harvests (42 and 43 days) and total weight
(1806.5 and 2542.5 g), respectively, compared to control (29 and 30 days, 43 and 43.5 days and 1467.5
and 1507 g, respectively). Total phenolic contents of mushroom insignificantly differed between casing
layers with strain (S-1), while it was very clear with strain (S-2) where the casing layer that composed
of peat moss + vermin (3:1) recorded the highest content (252.93mg/100g). Flavonoid content was
higher in case of peat moss + fronds (1:1) with both strains. The highest antioxidant activity in both
strains was achieved when peat moss 100% was used as acasing layer.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 896-909 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.70
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investigation of the hydrogeochemical processes affecting the Nubian sandstone
horizons: West El Mouhoub, Western Desert, Egypt
Yahia R. Gedamy, Reda G. M. Ibrahim and Sayed Mosaad
ABSTRACT:
The Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System (NSAS) is the world's largest known fossil water aquifer system.
It is located underground in the Eastern end of the Sahara Desert and spans the political boundaries of
four countries in north-eastern Africa. NSAS covers a land area spanning just over two million km2,
including north-western Sudan, north-eastern Chad, south-eastern Libya, and most of Egypt. Containing
billions of cubic meters of groundwater, the significance of the NSAS as a potential water resource for
future development programs in these countries is extraordinary. Therefore, understanding of the
hydrogeochemical processes and continuous monitoring of its groundwater regionally and locally is so
vital. The present study has been conducted to investigate these processes in a pilot area of Western
Desert of Egypt (West El Mouhoub). To accomplish this objective, surface water and groundwater
samples were collected and analyzed to estimate the chemical properties of these water samples. The
ion ratios, water type, facies, hypothetical salts, geochemical diagrams were integrated with geostatistical
analyses [factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA)] to characterize the
hydrogeochemical processes that are controlling the Nubia sandstone aquifer system (NSAS). The
obtained results revealed that, the Sabaya and Six Hills Formations represent the main aquifer horizons
where the groundwater exists under confined conditions. The groundwater within these aquifer units is
mainly fresh and the salinity increases from southeast to northwest direction in the Sabaya Formation
groundwater. Both the hypothetical salts assemblages and the groundwater genesis confirm that there
is a connection between the Sabaya and Six Hills Formations in the investigated area. The results show
a chemical development from the groundwater that dominated by bicarbonate salts to that dominated
by chloride salts. The main process controlling the groundwater is the rock-water interactions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 910-932 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.71
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In vitro evaluation of the antiviral activity and detection of the enterocin coding genes
of the probiotic bacterium Enterococcus faecium NM213
Nahla M. Mansour, Hayam Mansour, Ahmed I. Abd El Naem and Waled M Elsenousy
ABSTRACT:
There is a growing concern globally due to the increasing spread of the resistance to current antiviral
drugs which lead to innovative and discovery novel alternative antiviral means. Probiotics in particular
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been recognized recently as antiviral candidates via direct interaction
with the virus, producing inhibitor substances or through modulation of the immune system. Here we
represent, the antiviral activity of our probiotic Enterococcus faecium NM213 against four major human
enteroviruses; Coxsackie B4, Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Strain HM175, rotavirus Wa strain, and herpes
simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). The assessment was done in vitro by means of four different kidney and
liver cell lines. In addition, the NM213 strain was screened for the presence of the enterocin encoding
genes by PCR and sequencing. The results showed the significant ability of the cell-free supernatant
(CFS) of NM213 in reduction of (HSV-1), HAV HM 175, Coxsackie (B4), and rotavirus (Wa) by 70%,
60%, 53.3%, and 50% respectively while its cell extract (CE) showed a fewer reduction to the four
viruses by 20%, 10 %, 10%, and 20% in turn while neither PBS buffer nor MRS broth showed any
antiviral activity or cytotoxicity effect. Screen the presence of enterocin by PCR and sequencing the
amplified fragments revealed the presence of enterocin A and B which encoded by ent A and ent B
genes. Further molecular characterization for such valuable enterococci NM213 will be conducted in
particular achieving a complete genome sequence to present it for commercial and applied purposes.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 933-941 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.72
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Active Ingredients in Nerium (Nerium
oleander) L. and Lantana (Lantana camara)
Omyma E.A. Abdelgabar, Ehab E.M. Alias and Yousif O.H. Assad
ABSTRACT:
Powdered leaves of Nerium oleander L. and Lantana camara were screened for detection of saponins,
glycosides, terpenes, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, and cyanogenic glycosides. The
results of the qualitative analysis and phytochemical screening profiles indicated that, most of the
natural tested products are presented in N. oleander L leave extracts, for L. camara, most of the natural
products tested for are present except saponins and glycosides. The chemical compositions of the leaf
ethanol extract of N. oleander and L. camara were investigated using gas chromatography –mass
spectroscopy (GC-MS). Analysis of N.oleander leaf ethanol extract revealed the existence of twenty
two components identified, of them 4-0-methylmannose, Squalene, n-hexadecanoic acid, vitamin E;
3,5-dimethoxyacetophenone; 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and benzofuran-2, 3-dihydro, represent
35.92%, 14.72%, 11.10%, 7,57%, 7.13%, 6.84 %, 3.19%, respectively, the other components were
ranged from 1.3 to 1.97 %. While L. camara major chemical component were found to be forty two of
them, caryophyllene bicycle (3, 1, 0) hexane, 4-methylene-1-(1-methyl-lhumulene, bicycle (3, 1, 0)
hexane-6-methanol,2-hydro, eucalyptol, caryophyllene oxide, represent 21.47%,11.68 %,10.93
%,9.75% 8.97%, 8..03%, respectively, the other components were ranged from ,1.1 to 3.53 % .
[ FULL TEXT PDF 942-947 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.73
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Enhancement of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) Growth and Yield Grown in New Reclaimed
Sandy Soil by Treatment with Benzyladenine or Yeast Extract
Faten S.A. Zaki, Karima M.G. El-Din, Mervat S.h. Sadak, Magda A.F. Shalaby,
Mohamed El-Sayed El-Awadi and Sohair K. Ibrahim
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were carried out at the Research and Production Station of National Research
Centre, Nubaria region, Behira Governorate, Egypt, during two winter seasons 2019-2020 and 2020-
2021. This work aimed to study the enhancement of foliar application of benzyladenine (BA) at 25, 50,
75 mg/L or the bio-stimulant (yeast extract at 1, 2, 3 g/L) on growth and quantity and quality of the
yield of two cultivars of faba bean (Cvs Misr 3 and Nubaria 2) under sandy soil condition. Data showed
that the two used growth regulators compound increased vegetative characters (i.e. shoot length, number
of branches and leaves as well as photosynthetic pigments. Treatment with BA or yeast extract
concentrations increased number and weight of pods and seeds as well as the biochemical constituents
of seeds. The most positive effects were attained by application of highest concentrations of BA (75
mg/L) and yeast extract (3g/L) for variant Nubaria 2 and surpassed variant Misr 3 by the same
concentrations. Application of BA at concentration 75 mg/l to Misr 3 exhibits the least amount of antinutritional
compound vicine as well as the highest percentage of reduction.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 948-958 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.74
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparative study of the physiological performance of two species of Atriplex
growing in the same ecological conditions
Taghried M. El-Lamey
ABSTRACT:
The naturally adapted salt - tolerant plants which are exposed to extreme environmental conditions
in the arid and semi-arid regions around the Mediterranean basin possess morphological, anatomical,
physiological and biochemical adaptation mechanisms to thrive on salt-affected soils. The aim of this
study was to investigate the difference between anatomical structural and physiological adaptation
mechanisms of Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex halimus in response to stress conditions. The results
revealed that Atriplex halmius performed better under stress conditions than Atriplex nummularia. The
important anatomical features of Atriplex nummularia and Atriplex halimus and other Atriplex spp. in
relation to environmental stresses are the presence of vesiculated hairs on the leaf surface. Atriplex
halmius had specific structural characteristics and different physiological mechanisms for adaption to
environmental stresses. It showed a range of morphological and anatomical adaptive traits such as
smaller leaf size, more succulent in stem and leaves, more development of vesicular hairs, more
development of sclerenchymatic tissues in the hypodermis and in the cortex of the stem as well as in
the vascular bundles and in-between the vascular bundles. Also, Atriplex halimus tended to accumulate
more minerals (Na+, Cl-, P and Mn2+), proline and soluble sugars such as stachyose, mannitol and xylose
in high concentration in dry season, which may play role in osmotic adjustment, while Atriplex
nummularia accumulated more carbohydrates, glucose, xylose, fructose, mannitol and ribose. This
study showed the most important anatomical features and physiological mechanisms of plants that are
more tolerant to environmental stresses and subjected to natural selection.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 959-974 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.75
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Differentiation of Essential Oil Components after Grx2 Gene Transfer of Lemon Basil Ocimum citriodorum
Sherif S. Saleh and Hoda A.S. El-Garhy
ABSTRACT:
Development of transgenic Lemon basil (Ocimum citriodorum), plants harboring glutaredoxin- 2 gene
(GRX-2) was aimed. The first trial, including micropropagation of basil seeds, seeds disinfecting by
sodium hypochloride at 5, 10 and 20 % for 4, 10 and 20 min or HgCl2 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 % for 5, 10
and 15 min. following by shootlet proliferation by seedlings subculture on MS media supplemented
with BAP at 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg/l and Kin at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/l with their interactions. Finally,
rooting production and proliferation by transfer initiated shootlets on MS media containing BAP at
0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/l plus IBA at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mg/l. Essential oil was fractionated and
determinated for un-transgenic and transgenic explants by GC-MS. The best results were toned in case
of the successive disinfecting seeds by Na hypochloride at 10% for 10 min with decontamination
percentage 81% and survival 66.66 % followed by the seedlings of best growth on MS media containing
3 mg/l BAP (shoot No. 8.12, shoot length 9.12 and leaves No. 17.45). The roots formed at 0.75 mg/l
IBA plus 0.25 mg/l BAP (rooting % 100; root no. 12.12 and 1.34 cm root length). The second
experiment was conducted to describe the possibility of producing transgenic basil plants harbouring
the GRX-2 gene, conferring essential oil stability. To achieve this goal, micronodes of basil explants
were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring the binary plasmid
pRI101 on DNA which contains GRX-2 gene, and the selectable marker gene neomycin
phosphotransferase II (nptII) under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos)
terminator. Molecular analysis using PCR analysis proved the presence and integration of the transgenes
in the genome of the transgenic plants. The explants exposed to acetosyringone at 150 uM for 60 min
and immersion in Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 60 min and re-culture on MS medium gave the highest
transformation efficiency and best growth. The GC analysis showed decrease in linalool components
and the presence of limonene.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 975-990 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.76
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Different
Extracts from Laurel Leaves and Frankincense Resin: A Comparative Study with In
vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation
Noha M. Mohamed, Fatma A.A. Mostafa and Adel S. Abdel Rahman
ABSTRACT:
The aim of the present study is to compare the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of different
extracts of two medicinal and aromatic plant species that are widely used in middle east and Egypt,
laurel leaves (Laurus nobilis L.) and Frankincense resin. Three different extracts were prepared
(aqueous, alcohol and essential oil) and individually tested for evaluation of their antimicrobial activity
and determination of their antioxidant capacity using DPPH-free radical scavenging technique.
Bioactive components in these extracts were identified by analysis based on GC-MS. Also, in vitro
cytotoxicity of the aqueous extracts were tested against two cancer cell lines, liver HepG2 and colon
HCT116, to evaluate their anticancer potential using MTT assay. The results revealed that both Laurel
leaves and Frankincense extracts have an efficient and comparable antimicrobial activity against most
tested organisms at 10 and 20 mg/mL. Laurel extracts showed higher inhibitory effect against tested
Gram-negative bacteria while Frankincense extracts exerts highest inhibitory effect against Grampositive
bacteria. Laurel leaves essential oil (EO) extract reached 100% antioxidant activity with IC50
value 3.9 mg/mL. For Frankincense, alcoholic extract showed the highest antioxidant activity 77% with
IC50 value 12.6 mg/mL. The chemical composition showed that the major components for all tested
extracts were terpenes (mono, sesqui and oxygenated derivatives), flavonoids, and polyphenols. The
investigated Frankincense extract exhibits high cytotoxic activity against both cancer cell lines with
IC50 value 3.47 μg/mL for HepG2 and 10.7 μg/mL for HCT116. The laurel extract showed activity
against HepG2 cell line only with IC50 8.61 μg/mL.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 991-1004 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.77
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Usage of Jatropha Curcas Plant for Phytoremediation of Cd and Pb Contaminated
Soil
El-Mahrouk E.M., M.K. Gaber, M.A. Aly, A.A.M. EL-Naggar and Hayam M.A.
Ebrahim
ABSTRACT:
The heavy metals contaminated agricultural soil is a serious problem that causes negative impacts for
various organisms. Jatropha plant may have considerable phytoremediation potential. Pot experiment
was conducted at Antoniadis Garden, Horticulture Research Institute Alexandria branch Ministry of
Agriculture, Egypt to study the effect of different combinations of Cd (14.4, 28.8 and 43.2 mg/kg soil)
and Pb (247.7, 495.4 and 743.2 mg/kg soil) on growth and phytoextraction efficiency of jatropha plant.
This plant can tolerate Cd and Pb up to high level of each, with survival 100 %. The analysed data
indicated significant reduction in vegetative traits (plant height, stem diameter, branches number,
area/leaf, fresh and dry weights of leaves, stems and roots and length of the longest root). From
application of such levels of Cd and Pb in relative to the control. A considerable increase was noticed
in the content and uptake of Cd and Pb in the different plant organs, as well as total plant uptake in
comparison to the control treatment. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) of shoots and roots was to be found˂ 1 under used levels of Cd and Pb. While translocation factor % (TF%) was ˃ 100 except for Pb
translocation factor of control which was less than 100. Also, total accumulation rat (TAR) of Cd and
Pb was dependent on the levels of such elements in the combinations. Tolerance index (TI) of biomass
and root was ˂ 1, except for tolerance index of Pb in case of low levels of Cd and Pb, it was ˃ 1. From
the results of BCF, TF, TAR and TI, it can be recommended that Jatropha plant is a good candidate for
research of phytoremediation and phytoextraction of Cd and Pb contaminated soil.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1005-1017 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.78
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obtaining Dwarf Althaea rosea Plants by Application the Pinching and Maleic
Hydrazide Treatments
Samah Mostafa El-Sayed
ABSTRACT:
Althaea rosea is aesthetic value plant has many uses in the landscape, so the aim of this study is to
produce dwarf plants suitable to use as potted plant. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse
of National Research Centre during two seasons (2019/ 2020 and 2020/ 2021) by spraying maleic
hydrazide (MH) at concentrations (0, 400, 600 and 800 mg. L-1) on two groups of Althaea rosea
plants, the first one was pinched plants (P) and the second one was non-pinched plants (NP). The
results cleared that (P) produced shortest plant, smallest leaf area and lowest value of photosynthetic
pigments, total sugars and total flavonoids in leaves, whereas; number of leaves, number of branches,
shoot and root fresh and dry weights, root length, number of roots, total phenols, total indoles and
nutrient elements (N, P and K) in shoot and root were increased at the same group. The plants
received (MH) at 800 mg. L-1 gave the shortest plants, smallest leaf area and lowest values of shoot
fresh and dry weights, but the plants received MH at 600 mg. L-1 increased the rest of vegetative
growth parameters and the most of chemical compositions. The interaction treatments showed that
(P)*(MH) at 800 mg. L-1 gave the shortest plants and smallest leaf area and (P)*(MH) at 600 mg. L-1
gave the highest mean values of number of leaves, number of branches, stem diameter, shoot and root
fresh and dry weights, root length, number of roots, the contents of photosynthetic pigments, total
flavonoids, total phenols, total indoles and nutrient elements (N, P and K) in both shoot and root.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1018-1026 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.79
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Supplementary Applications of Phosphorus to Improve Yield and Fruit Quality of 'Le
Conte' Pear Trees under Calcareous Soil Conditions
E. Abd El-Razek, M.M.M. Abd El-Migeed and N. Abdel-Hamid
ABSTRACT:
Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major problems in agricultural soils for crop production around
the world. Mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) as foliar application used an effective tool to enhance
nutritional status of fruit trees not only overcome leaf p deficiency but also improve flowering, increase
yield and enhance fruit quality. However, use of bio fertilizers such as phosphorus solubilizing bacteria
(PSB) proved to friendly environmentally and economical way for increasing P availability and
improving P use efficiency under P deficiency conditions. Consequently, the aim of the present trail
was to study the effects of MAP at 1% foliar application and/or soil application of phosphorus
solubilizing bacteria (PSB) solely or in combination as supplementary P doses (beside H3PO4 common
P fertigated source) under calcareous soil conditions on full bloom time, flowering %, yield (kg/tree)
and fruit quality not only fruit physical properties i.e. fruit weight, length (L) and circumference (C),
shape index (L/C) and fruit firmness but also fruit chemical components via TSS%, acidity%, and
TSS/acid ratio as well as nutrient status of macro & micro leaf contents (N,P,K, Fe, Zn and Mn) of "Le
Conte" pear trees. The experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons on 12 years old
'Le Conte" pear trees budded on betulifolia rootstocks (Pyrus betulifolia) grown in calcareous soil under
drip irrigation system from Nile river source in a private orchid at Km 80 Alex-Cairo desert Road, El-
Nubaria district, El-Behaira, Egypt. All trees received the standard horticultural practices & the
experiment was designed in a complete randomized block and the treatments were as follows: (T1)
control; H3PO4 common P fertigated source. (T2) T1 + MAP at 1 % as foliar application. (T3) T1 +
Bacillus megatherium P solubilizing bacteria (PSB) as soil application. (T4) T2 +T3. The result showed
that foliar MAP spray (T2) and PSB soil application (T3) independently improved all aforementioned
parameters. However, both T2&T3 gave more or less similar result values and no significant differences
were detected between them. In this respect, T2&T3 when applied together (T4) maximized to a grate
extend enhancement in most studied parameters and increased yield (kg/tree) by about (167%) than the
control. Improvement in leaf P nutritional status after MAP foliar spray to an adequate level (>0.3%)
in the range of P and N fertilized plants as well as availability of P, Fe, Zn and Mn following soil PSB
application improved nutritional status and help in better management of P fertilization in pear trees
grown under calcareous soil condition. Generally, T4 (MAP + PSb) is recommended treatment since,
it promotes effectively the nutrient status that achieved the shortest time to FBD, highest flowering %,
yield and fruit quality of "Le-Conte" pear trees under calcareous soil conditions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1027-1037 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.80
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Impact of Some Growth Regulators on Growth and Productivity of Faba bean
Plant Grown under Newly Reclaimed Soil Conditions
Abdel-Baky Y.R., A.A. Amin, A.E. El-Sh. M. Rashad and Hayam A.A. Mahdy
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were conducted during two winter successive seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021
at the National Research Centre Research and Development Station, Noubaria Area, Behira
Governorate, Egypt. The purpose of the study was to investigate the link between vegetative
development, yield, yield components, and numerous metabolic variables components of the "Giza 716"
Egyptian faba bean cultivar (Vicia faba L.) to foliar application of three growth regulators; paclobutrazol
(PBZ; 30, 60 and 90 ppm), mepiquat chloride (MC; 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm) and baritone (AGR; 400,
600 and 800 ppm). The foliar application of PBZ, MC, and AGR had positive effects on all growth and
yield parameters. On the other hand, the three growth regulators reduced plant height, fresh and dry
weights of branches and leaves/plant, fourth leaf area and leaf area index, specific leaf weight, crop
growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, and yield (number of pods per plant, number of
seeds per pod, pod weight/plant, seed and straw yield/plant, seed and straw yield/feddan, seed index),
and harvest index), when used in high concentrations. By boosting total carbs, crude protein, total free
amino acids, nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, PBZ, MC, and AGR considerably boosted total
photosynthetic pigments content in leaves and improved seed quality and nutritional value. Generally,
foliar application of PBZ, MC, and AGR When used at low quantities, it had a favorable impact on
growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and yield components, as well as several
biochemical components of the faba bean seeds yield.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1038-1052 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.81
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficacy of fungi Beauveria bassiana against the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus
orientalis (Acari: Tetranychidae)
D.M. Hassan, S.I. Afia and B.M. Farahat
ABSTRACT:
Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is primarily a serious pest of citrus orchards
that causes injury to the host and a cosmopolitan key pest of citrus worldwide. The long-term
application of synthetic acaricides causes many adverse health effects to humans and the ecosystem.
Nowadays, the interest in the use of bio-acaricide in Green Integrated Pest Management (GIPM)
programs has increased. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the efficacy of
entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana against the citrus brown mite, E. orientalis in the
laboratory. B. bassiana was isolated from the Egyptian soil and evaluated against the citrus brown
mite, E. orientalis compared to the commercial bio-insecticide Bio-fly® as a standard under laboratory
conditions. Three concentrations of isolated B. bassiana 106, 107, and 108 conidia/ml and a
concentration equaled to the recommended concentration of the commercial Bio-fly® (250 ml /100 L
= 3x106/ml) were sprayed on leaf discs containing pest mite adults. The adult stage was generally
susceptible to all concentrations. Based on Ldp line analysis, B. bassiana LC50 and LC90 were (1.51 x
107 spores/ml and 1.26 x 109 spores/ml) for adults. For commercial Bio-fly®, the percentage of
mortality was 86 % while for the isolated B. bassiana was 71%. These results showed that the
entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana was effective against the citrus brown mite, E. orientalis and
could be used as an alternative to synthetic acaricides in Green Integrated Pest Management (GIPM)
programs with no adverse effects to humans and the ecosystem.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1053-1060 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.82
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluation of Using Aquafaba as an Egg White Replacer in Sponge Cake Processing
Manal S. Helal and Shereen L. Nassef
ABSTRACT:
Aquafaba is a viscous liquid formed during cooking of kidney bean (Nebraska Variety) in water. This
solution is now widely used by the vegan community and egg allergens as an egg replacer. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and possibility of egg white substitute with
aquafaba in sponge cake. Physical characteristics, chemical composition and sensory properties of the
cake samples were evaluated. The results demonstrated that foaming capacity values of aquafaba were
389.33% and egg white was 582.66%. Foam stability values were 85.49 % and 92.28 % in aquafaba
and egg white, respectively. Water and oil absorption capacity of the aquafaba and egg white were
2.66 g/g 1.32 g/g, 2.94 g/g and 1.99g/g, respectively. The replacing of egg white by aquafaba did not
greatly affect physicochemical parameters of the sponge cake made by using egg white. The cake
made with aquafaba was slightly less moist than cake made with egg white (21.67%and 22.79%), had
less height (4.21 and 4.47 cm), lower volume index (11.25 and 11.65 cm) and lower pH (7.95 and
8.02). Baking weight loss in aquafaba cake is 11.47% higher than egg white cake 9.09%. Sensory
evaluation of aquafaba cake samples showed an acceptance and no negative effects in overall
properties. The texture profile analysis of cakes prepared with aquafaba showed less hardness. The
mineral composition (Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Fe, Mg and P) showed a high amount in aquafaba compared
with egg white cake therefor, it could be is concluded that aquafaba is beneficial when instead of with
egg white in eggless cake recipes.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1061-1069 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.83
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy of Optimized Ezetimibe Chitosan
Nanoparticles against the Induced- Hyperlipidemia in Rats
Samya Mahmoud Ahmed, Amany Hegab, Marwa H. Skukr and Soha Ismail
ABSTRACT:
Hyperlipidemia not only involves an elevation in serum lipids, but it is also an inflammatory disease,
as excessive lipid accumulation is known to trigger local inflammatory responses with the production
of oxidative stress. The developed and optimized formula of ezetimibe chitosan nanoparticles
encompassing 30 mg EZE together with low molecular weight of chitosan at a ratio to TPP 1.75: 2,
showed a considerable superior anti-hyperlipidemia when compared to the marketed product. This
study investigated the role of optimized ezetimibe chitosan nanoparticles (optimized formula) in
combating the oxidative stress and inflammation against induced - hyperlipidemia in rats. forty male rats were divided into two main groups: normal control (10 rats) and hyperlipidemia group where
hyperlipidemia rat model was created by oral administration of cholesterol – cholic acid mixture in a
ratio of 3:1 and feeding on 55gm butter /kg diet for ten weeks, then this group divided into three subgroups;
hyperlipidemia, ezetimibe treated group (0.9mg/kg b.wt) and optimized formula treated group
(0.63mg/kg b.wt). Ezetimibe and optimized formula were prescribed for 4 weeks. Hyperlipidemia
induced a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, aminotransferases (ALT and
AST) in association with a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity. Additionally ,
marked increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level along with significant decline in reduced
glutathione (GSH) content, antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and Catalase) and nitric
oxide (NO) production were observed in liver tissue of hyperlipidemia group. Hepatic tumor necrosis
factor -alpha (TNF-α) was significantly increased in association with a significant decrease in
interleukin 10 (IL-10). Treatment with Ezetimibe or the optimized formula effectively ameliorated
these disorders and elicited their efficiency against oxidative stress and inflammation with the priority
of the optimized formula. According to the obtained data, it can be concluded that treatment with
optimized formula significantly relieved hyperlipidemia, by ameliorating the levels of
aminotransferases with the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1070-1079 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.84
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nanotechnology Usage to Enhance the Protective Role of Some Natural Pigments
Naglaa M. Hamdy and Essam Z. El Sayed
ABSTRACT: It has been established that most synthetic colorants are harmful to human health. As a result, it is
important to explore alternative sources such as natural food colorants. The objective of this study is
to examine various sources of red pigments that are produced naturally including Safflower,
Poinciana, and Monascus red fermented rice to improve their protective role and stability. The three
powdered samples were converted into nanoscale; Poinciana (178.8 nm), Monascus red fermented
rice (175.7 nm), and Safflower (155.7 nm). The qualitative chemical screening, total phenolic, and
DPPH antioxidant activity were observed. The study was conducted on the effectiveness of pigment
nanoparticles against the growth of certain pathogens using the disc diffusion method. By comparing
the results obtained to those of Amikacin, a standard antibacterial drug, and Fluconazole, a standard
antifungal drug, Poinciana showed the best antibacterial results against Escherichia coli (20 to 22.61
mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (17.1 to 18.32 mm), it also acted as a good antifungal against
Candida albicans (20.2 to 21.18 mm). The stability was tested using optical density, results showed
that Monascus red fermented rice had the highest thermal stability, with an O.D. 4.23±0.01 at 90 oC
for 1 hour. As well as, it had the highest pH stability, with an O.D. of 4.72±0.06 at pH 5.0 for 1 hour.
On the other hand, the results showed that the three red nano-pigmented extracts under examination
recorded significant differences (p˂0.05) from their natural state at 70 oC and pH 3. In conclusion,
nano-formulation accepted natural pigments' strong features may encourage food producers to use
them instead of synthetic ones.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1080-1087 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.4.85
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|