Jan-March, 2021
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Some skin affection in New Valley Governorate
Galbat S. A.
ABSTRACT:
During the veterinary convoys that toured the centers and villages of the New Valley in 2017and after
clinical examinations of animals many skin problems are observed in animals After examining more
than 250 cows, 120 goats, 73 sheep, 12 of equine, and five camels, It was found that there are various
skin problems in more than 30% of the mentioned numbers, While more than 50% suffer from other
disease Approximately 20% of the animals are in an apparently healthy By clinical examination of
animals Showing skin symptoms, it was found that 50% of them suffer from external parasites such as
ticks lice and fleas, while there were 17 cases of mange , 30 cases of Alopecia, 25 cases of dermatitis,
4 cases of photosensitivity and 8 allergic cases There were also 12 cases of lumpy skin disease nodules
, 8 cases suffering from warts and skin papilloma A camel suffers from saddle ulcers, and the other two
suffer from mange two cases of cows suffer from insect pit, which led to the presence of traces of ulcers
on the back and the top of the tail. Our studies directed to identify parable causes of skin problems in
New Valley and try to prevent and control its speeding with specific treatment.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1-9 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.1
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Potential Probiotic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Vended Dairy
Products
Mohamed Abdel baser, Samy Mohamed Abdelhamid, Ahmed Ali Attia Radwan and
Hussien Hossney El-Shikh
ABSTRACT:
Nowadays, there is an increasing regard in the production of functional foods, predominantly probiotic
foods. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially strains of Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp., are
important bacteria in field of food microbiology and human nutrition. The traditional, fermented dairy
foods as a rich source of wild LAB can insert new Lactococcus spp. And Lactobacillus spp. strains
having probiotic properties into some food products. The aim of this study was isolate and identify LAB
in traditional vended dairy products and to determine some of their probiotic properties. Out of thirty
samples of street vender different dairy products, three samples including homemade yogurt, raw milk
and white cheese were found to contain Lactococcus spp. and lactobacillus spp., which were identified
using biochemical and molecular testing. Potential probiotic properties, including acid and bile tolerant,
antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic susceptibility were assayed for the. isolates The Lactococcus spp.
and lactobacillus spp. isolates showed tolerance to pH 2 and 0.3% bile salt after 3 h of incubation and
also showed antimicrobial activity against coded test organisms represented by Gram negative bacteria;
Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Aeromonas salmonicida ATCC 9033 and Gram positive bacteria
represented by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis NCTC 10413.
Furthermore, they have been assayed for their antibiotic susceptibility. In conclusion, these strains of
Lactococcus spp. and lactobacillus spp. isolated from vended dairy products showed alike some of
probiotic activity.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 10-17 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.2
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Clean Agritechnique Efficiency Using Compost, Halex-2 and Seaweed on Yield and
Quality of Okra
Mona M. Yousry and Amal K. Abou El-Goud
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, (El-shatby), Alexandria
University, during the summer seasons of 2017 and 2018, in order to study the effect of compost, Halex-
2 and Seaweed on okra yield and quality (cv. Turkey). The effects of the treatments on the growth, yield
and plant nutrient contents of shoots and fruits were determined. The results showed that using T1,T7,
T8, T9, T10 and T11enhanced significantly vegetative growth characters (plant height cm, No.
leaves/plant, No. of branches/plant, leaf area index cm2, shoot, root fresh and dry weights and nutritional
status of plants in leaves and fruits) except T2, T3 gave the highest values in chlorophyll reading of
leaves. From data it is obvious that T4 gave the lowest mean values of the given characters. Treatments
contained Halex-2 and seaweed increased significantly all morphological characteristics and qualities
of okra. The treatments (T7, T9, T10 andT12) lead to increase mineral contents, vitamin C and T.S.S. of
fruits compared with T4 treatment. The highest values of total yield were achieved by T9 compared with
T4. The use of T1, T8 and T9 were also increased mean values of the No. of fruits/plant, fruit length, fruit
diameter and average fruit weight significantly compared with other treatments. This study
demonstrated the possibility of producing a good yield of okra safe and healthy without any applying
chemical fertilizers via integration of compost, Halex-2 and Seaweed algae as a Clean Agriculture
technique.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 18-27 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.3
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Nutritional Evaluation of Chia and Moringa Seeds Flour and Quality Characteristics
of Fortified Cookies
Salem M.A., E.M. Elsharkasi, M.E.A. El-Sayed and M. A. El-Bana
ABSTRACT:
This study was carried out to investigate the utilization of defatted Chia seeds flour (DCSF) and defatted
Moringa seeds flour (DMSF), as replacement of wheat flour at different levels (5, 10 and 15%) to
prepare cookies rich protein and minerals. The obtained results revealed that, DCSF and DMSF, are
very rich in protein, ash and fiber compared with CSF, MSF and wheat flour 72%.Wheat flour (72%)
contains lower values in all determined elements excepted for sodium compared to chia and moringa
seeds in addition, moringa seeds had higher values of potassium, phosphorus, copper, than those of chia
seeds. The total amino acids of chia and moringa seeds were (56.97 %) and (79.13 %) respectively.
Furthermore, moringa seeds were rich in essential and non- essential amino acids than chia seeds. Total
saturated fatty acid of moringa seeds oil were higher (23.43%) than that of chia seeds oil (9.53%).High
amounts of extracted polyphenolic compounds by ethanol from chia and moringa seeds were (1.63 and
1.34 mg gallic acid/g of DW) respectively. Moisture, crude protein, ash and crude fiber contents
increased in cookies products in contrast, carbohydrates value decreased gradually with increasing the
substitution levels of DCSF and DMSF. From the results of sensory evaluation, it should be noted that,
fortification of DCSF and DMSF until 15% is acceptable for the sensory evaluation of cookies. Based
on the obtained results, the new product of cookies contained DCSF and DCMF can be covered protein
and minerals of nutritional needs of schoolchildren in developing countries and could be recommended
as a food aid in institutional feeding programs for pupils in different school stages.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 28-42 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.4
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Effect of Fertigation with NPK on Growth and Yield of Seqae Date Palm Produced
From Tissue Culture Grown Under Al-Wadi Al-Jadid Conditions
Hamdy A. Mahdy
ABSTRACT:
A field study was carried out during three successive growing seasons of 2018, 2019 and 2020 on Seqae
date palm produced from tissue culture grown in a private orchard at El-Dakhala Oasis, Al-Wadi Al-
Jadid Governorate, Egypt (latitude 25 ̊ and longitude 29 ̊). The palms were received different rates of
N, P and K fertilization. Three N- fertigation rates (N1= 500, N2= 750, N3= 1000 g actual N/palm/year)
in the form of NH4NO3; two P-fertigation rates (P1=400 and P2=800g P2O5 /palm/year) as H3PO4 and
two K-fertigation rates (K1=600 and K2=1200 g K2O /palm/ year) as K2SO4. All the considered N and
K rates were divided into 80 unequal doses applied from first week of February to the last week of
November (8 doses in each month). Full dose of nitrogen in month’s (February, April, June, August
and October). Half of nitrogen was used in March, May, July, August, September and November. While
full dose of potassium in months (March, May, July, September and November) half of potassium was
used in February, April, June, August and October. While P rate was divided into 40 doses (4 doses /
month) and were added as solution by fertigation. The results showed that NP and K fertigation
increased growth , fruit set ,yield and improved the fruit physical characteristics (fruit weight and fruit
dimension) and fruit chemical characteristics ( total sugars % and T.S.S) at tamer stage, especially with
high levels of NPK- fertigation. Thus, it is recommended to add the high levels of Nitrogen (1000g
N/palm/year) Phosphorus (800 g P2O5 / palm) and Potassium (1200g K2O/palm /year) (treatment 12) to
increase the yield and fruit quality of Seqae date palm grown under Al-Wadi Al-Jadid Governorate
conditions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 43-50 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.5
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Milk Thistle Seeds Powder: A Potential Source of High Value-Added for Functional
Pan Bread
Safaa S. Abozed, Manal F. Salama, Wafaa M. Abozeid and Doha H. Abou Baker
ABSTRACT:
Silybum marianum is a member of the Asteraceae family, also known as milk thistle. The milk thistle
seeds contain silymarin, silymarin is the main active compound in seeds and is both an antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory. The objective of the work was to determine the influence of milk thistle seed powder
on the physical, antioxidant, and organoleptic properties of pan bread enrichment with different ratios
(0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%). Antioxidant properties, chemical composition, color properties, baking
quality, texture profile analysis, freshness and organoleptic properties of pan breads enrichment with
Milk Thistle Seeds (MTS) powder were analyzed and compared with control sample. Cytotoxicity
effect of milk thistle seeds extract against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG-2) using viability
assay was investigated in this study. Total flavonoide contents, radical-scavenging activity, specific
volume, significantly increased with the addition of MTS powder. Pan breads containing MTS powder
also showed better organoleptic evaluation scores. Milk thistle seeds extract at various concentration
showed an exhibited a potent anticancer effect against human liver cancer cell (HepG2). Pan breads
containing MTS powder can thus be developed as a health-promoting functional food include protecting
liver health.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 51-62 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.6
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Assessment of Automatic Pulse Drip Irrigation Technique on Water Application
Efficiency and Water Productivity of Cucumber Crop
El-Shafie A.F., M.A. Marwa, O.M. Dewedar, A.A. Ghoname and R.E. Abdelraouf
ABSTRACT:
There are more implications for using controlling methods of scheduling irrigation and pulse drip
irrigation to improve soil moisture distribution, water application efficiency and yield in greenhouse
conditions. The main goals of this research paper are to maximize water application efficiency and
improve crop and water productivity of cucumber crop, using manual and automatic control for
scheduling irrigation and three pulses treatments (Ps6: 6 pulses/day, Ps3: 3 pulses/day and Ps1: 1 pulse
as a control) using drip irrigation system under greenhouses conditions. To achieve the goals of this
study, two field trials were conducted in greenhouse during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons at the
research farm station of National Research Centre, Al-Nubariya Region, Al-Buhayrah, Egypt. The
results indicated that, the automatic control scheduling irrigation under all pulses drip irrigation gave
the superior in soil moisture content, water application efficiency, yield and water productivity. The
highest values of soil moisture content were under 6 pulses for irrigation per day and the lowest values
were at continuous irrigation “Ps1” with both irrigation scheduling controlling methods. The highest
water application efficiency values were 97 and 96.3% under automatic irrigation and 6 pulses/day
treatment, the lowest values were 89 and 86% under manual irrigation and 1 pulse/day, for the two
growing seasons, respectively. The same trend is found between yield and water productivity of
cucumber crop. Generally the highest values of yield were (453.8 and 152.1 ton ha-1), and the water
productivity were (25.67 and 24.9 kg m-3) under automatic control of scheduling irrigation with 6
pulses/day, for the two growing seasons, respectively. Finally, the use of pulse irrigation with automatic
control is preferred as an alternative to manual control of scheduling irrigation.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 63-75 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.7
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Chloride Ions as a Beneficial and Essential Micronutrient Multifunctional, Role and
Regulation in Plant Physiology: A Review
Abou Seeda M.A., Abou El-Nour E.A.A, Hammad S.A. and Yassen A.A.
ABSTRACT:
Chloride occurs predominantly as Cl− in soil, plant, and considering as a micronutrient largely excluded
by plants due to its ubiquity and abundance in nature. It is an essential micronutrient of higher plants
and participates in several physiological metabolism processes. Including osmotic and stomatal
regulation, evolution of oxygen in photosynthesis, disease resistance and tolerance. Chloride (Cl−) has
traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its
antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO3−), which impairs NO3− nutrition. It has been largely believed
that Cl− antagonizes NO3− uptake and accumulation in higher plants, reducing crop yield. However, we
have recently uncovered that Cl− has new beneficial macronutrient functions that improve plant growth,
tissue water balance, plant water relations, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency
(WUE). Increasing plant biomass indicates in turn that Cl− may also improve nitrogen use efficiency
(NUE). Structure of water around the sodium and potassium ions is a key test of the quality of interaction potentials, and are not completely aligned toward their electric fields, but rather tilted. This tilt is more defined for potassium than it is for sodium. The hydration number of sodium is restricted to
either five or sex molecules, however for potassium has ranging from five to ten molecules. Most
striking energetic difference between Na and K resides in the first shell. Water molecules have a very
strong interact under such condition Na+ is more effect on the soil salinity than K+. However, an increase
in Na+ content is always accompanied by Cl– accumulation and K+ loss in plants exposed to salt (NaCl)
stress.Considering that N availability is a bottleneck for the growth of land plants excessive NO3−
fertilization frequently used in agriculture becomes a major environmental concern worldwide, causing
excessive accumulation leaf NO3− in crops particularly in vegetables, that poses a potential risk to
human health. New farming practices aimed to enhance plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), by
reducing NO3− fertilization should promote a healthier and more sustainable agriculture. Given the
strong interaction between Cl− and NO3− homeostasis in plants, we have verified if indeed Cl− affects
NO3− accumulation and NUE in plants. For the first time to our knowledge, we provide a direct
demonstration, which shows that Cl−, contrary to impairing NO3− nutrition, facilitates NO3− utilization
and improves NUE in plants. This is largely due to Cl− improvement of the N–NO3− utilization
efficiency (NUTE), having little or moderate effect on N–NO − uptake efficiency (NUPE) when NO3−
is used as the sole N source. Clear positive correlations between leaf Cl− content vs. NUE / NUTE or
plant growth have been established at both intra- and interspecies levels. Optimal NO3– versus Cl− ratios
become a useful tool for increasing crop yield and quality, sustainability of agricultural land and
reducing negative ecological impact of NO3− on the environment and human health as well .
[ FULL TEXT PDF 76-125 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.8
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Effect of Adding Magnetic Iron and Fertilizer Rates on Vegetative Growth, Yield,
Quality and Storability of Cucumber
Sheren A. Atala, S. Abou-El-Hassan, F.A. Hashem and Manal M.H. Gad El-Moula
ABSTRACT:
Reducing the use of mineral fertilizers with maximizing their efficiency is a requirement of great
importance for world agricultural production and leads to preserving the environment and reducing
greenhouse gas emissions (GHG), which will reduce the impacts of climate change on the agricultural
sector. This experiment was performed to evaluate the efficacy of magnetic iron under different rates
of mineral fertilizer on the production, fruit quality and storability of cucumber. The experiment was
carried out in the experimental farm of Dokki site for Protected Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture
and Land Reclamation and Laboratory of Handling of Vegetable Department, Horticulture Research
Institute, Giza, Egypt, during two successive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. Three rates of
recommended mineral fertilizer (100, 75 and 50%) of NPK with and without adding magnetic iron (soil
addition at rate 5g/plant), were applied on cucumber (Gianco F1). All vegetative growth properties,
nutritional status of plants, yield and properties of cucumber fruits were improved significantly by
increasing mineral fertilizer rate to 100%. The plants treated with magnetic iron recorded a significant
increment in growth, NPK content of plants, yield and properties of cucumber fruits compared to
untreated plants. The highest yield was produced by using 100% mineral fertilizer with adding magnetic
iron. Noteworthy, application of 75% mineral fertilizer with adding magnetic iron had achieved yield
and fruit quality higher than using 100% mineral fertilizer without adding magnetic iron. The highest
nutrient use efficiency was true using magnetic iron with 50% mineral fertilizer. The treatments of 100
and 75% mineral fertilizer with adding magnetic iron improved the storability of cucumber fruits
(reduced weight loss and color change; maintained fruit firmness, TSS and ascorbic acid content) and
exhibited good appearance till 16 days of storage at 10 °C plus two days at 15 °C as a shelf life compared
to using 100% mineral fertilizer without adding magnetic iron which had less effect in this concern.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 136-142 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.9
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Foliar Spraying of NPK to Relieve Salinity Stress on Tomato Plants
Hassan A. Hamouda and S.H.A. Shaaban
ABSTRACT:
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effect of NPK foliar spraying on salt tolerant of tomato
plants. Seedlings were grown in plastic pots 30 cm, filled with loamy sand soil. Seedlings were irrigated
every week with saline two type’s salts (NaCl and CaCl) at two levels 2g and 4g L-1. Seedlings were
sprayed with foliar spraying containing NPK. Two months later from transplanting of seedlings leaf
samples were taken for determination nutrient contents. The result showed that NPK foliar spraying
had a positive effect on soil, growth development, yield and the nutrient concentrations in leaf plant of
tomato under the impact of adverse salinity. Although the salts levels of soil have an effect on the
absorption of nutrients by tomato plant. But, foliar spraying has a positive effect on the concentration
of N, K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu in plant leaves.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 143-152 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.10
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Assessment of AquaCrop Model in Simulating Wheat Crop Water Use and
Productivity in Middle Egypt
Nematallh Y.O. Mokhtar and Amira A. Kasem
ABSTRACT:
The high cost of applied research and the effect of many environmental parameters limiting yield
production encouraged researchers to develop and implement empirical models able to simulate and
predict crop yield close to that obtained under field conditions. The Food and Agriculture Organization
(FAO) AquaCrop model is one of these models. It was calibrated and validated for its ability to simulate
growth, biomass and grain yields and crop evapotranspiration of wheat (Misr 2 cultivar) using two-year
observed data of a field experiment conducted on clay soil under Giza (middle Egypt) condition during
2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. The effect of three irrigation intervals (I1: 21 days; I2: 28 days; and
I3: 35 days) on wheat yield and its components and on some water relations was tested. After model
calibration/validation processes, four sowing dates (10 and 25 November, 10 and 25 December) with
four irrigation intervals and one deficit irrigation treatment were used as scenarios for adaptation study.
The root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and percentage difference (Pd)
statistical parameters were used to evaluate the model performance. Results revealed that the predicted
data by AquaCrop were in close agreement with the measured data. The observed values were within
90 to 99% of the predicted values in the 1st season, and within 91 to 100% in the 2nd season. Statistical
analysis results showed a strong linear relationship between the simulated and the measured data under
different irrigation interval treatments in both seasons. The best-fitting model result was obtained with
growing session duration with average values of two seasons for R2 (0.98), RMSE (5.23 days) and
Pd (0.98%) followed by the simulated biomass yield with values of 0.97, 363 kg ha-1 and 0.99%. The
corresponding values of grain yield were 0.94, 355 kg ha-1 and 0.95%, respectively. The crop water use
values were 0.95, 35mm and 0.91%. The results of adaptation study showed that increasing soil
moisture content increased simulated aboveground biomass, grain yield and ET crop. Results indicated
also that sowing wheat cultivar Maser 2 at Giza region from 10 to 20 November with irrigating crop
every 28 days maximize yield and save about 16.3% of irrigation water. The overall results based on
extensive validation of the model indicated that AquaCrop is a valid model and can be used with a
reliable degree of accuracy to predict wheat yield.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 153-164 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.11
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Susceptibility of Purified Acetylcholinesterases from Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus
towards Insecticides and Botanical Extracts
Magda A. Mohamed, Shebl Shaalan, Abd-Elhady M. Ghazy, Atef A. Ali, Ahmed M.
Abd-Elaziz, Manal M. Ghanem and Sarah A. Abd-Elghany
ABSTRACT:
The susceptibility of two purified acetylcholinesterases (AChEs), AChEIIb and AChEIIIb, from red
palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, to inhibition by different synthetic insecticides and
botanical leaves extracts in vitro has been investigated. In addition, the mechanism of inhibition has
also been estimated. R. ferrugineus AChEs showed similar trends to inhibition by synthetic insecticides
and the inhibition potency can be arranged in a descending order; deltamethrin > carbosufan > oxamyl> emamectin benzoate > chloropyrifose > malathion. All the examined insecticides competitively
inhibited R. ferrugineus AChEs with Ki values ranging from 0.14 to 0.7 mM and IC50 values from 0.15
to 0.75 mM, while malathion and emamectin benzoate showed noncompetitive inhibition manner. The
susceptibility of R. ferrugineus AChEs to inhibition by botanical extracts can be arranged in a
descending order: olives Olea europaea > neem Azerachita indica > basil Ocimum basilicum with Ki
values ranging from 3.5 to 14 mg and IC50 values from 5 to 20 mg. O. europaea competitively inhibited
R. ferrugineus AChEs, while the others noncompetitively. By HPLC, oleuropein is the major active
compound present in the O. europaea (96.8%). Malathion and chloropyrifos, as organophosphate (OP)
insecticides, have the least potency to inhibit R. ferrugineus AChEs. The susceptibility of R. ferrugineus
AChEs to insecticides and botanical extracts seems to be a helpful approach for selecting the most
efficient insecticide(s) for RPW management. These results may justify the complaint by the farmers
regarding the low efficiency of OP insecticides for controlling RPW. O. europaea extract can be
examined in vivo for introducing it as integral part of an integrated pest management programs against
RPW.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 165-187 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.12
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Biosynthesis of Ag nanoparticles by associated root rot disease fungi of sugar beet and
its biocontrol by Trichoderma hamatum fungus
Gamal A Farahat
ABSTRACT:
Rhizoctonia solani , Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum and other fungi were positive in extra than intracellular production of Ag NPs with different in ability. The tested fungi could be reduced
silver salt to Ag NPs and confirmed stable brown color visually in mixture solution. Consequently, UVVis
spectral analysis to reaction mixture of cells filtrates and silver nitrate salt were showed strong
absorbance at peak 420nm which was specific for the silver NPs performance. In addition to, Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) of dried powder samples of AgNPs from R.solani , Sc. rolfsii, F.oxysporum
mycelium showed the presence of nine bands at cm-1. Moreover , Enrgy – Dispersive X- ray (EDX)
spectroscopy analysis for AgNPs conformation showed presence of elemental silver by sharping
signals at optical absorption band peak exactly at (3 keV) to the three fungi . As size of AgNPs
,Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed synthesis of polydisperse spherical ranged of 47-62
nm to R. solani , ranged from 84-134 nm to Sc.rolfsii and31-47 nm to F.oxysporum and rose
like(pentagons). Mycelium of tested fungi contained Ag NPs of 5.36, 9.82 and 10.38% of mass,
respectively. F.oxysporum was the most producer one but R. solani and Sc. rolfsii exhibited a new
source to Ag NPs. In vitro, Trichoderma hamatum have mycoparasitism ability of Sc.rolfsii and
R.solani fungi mycelium. Trichoderma inoculum at 4, 2g/hill were superior to 60 and 120g/ plot as soil
drench ,in the revers, Trichoderma (1cm disk) / hill grown on PDA was the lowest one in controlling
of root rot disease in sugar beet . F. oxysporum followed by Sc.rolfsii were more effective than R.solani
by Trichoderma application .At all, Trichoderma led to reduce damping off by 3.22-82.71%; root rot
disease severity by 9.36-43.07%; disease index by 51.82-85.79% ; sucrose and total soluble sugar
enhanced by 2.37-36.24%.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 188-203 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.13
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The Bacterial Lethal Effect of Gaseous or Liquid CO2 in Raw Milk
Baraka A. Abd El-Salam
ABSTRACT:
The consumer demands for high-quality, minimally-processed products that are microbiologically safe
have been increased. Raw skim milk or pathogenic bacteria-inoculated sterilized milk was treated with
gaseous or liquid (subcritical) CO2at different levels and stored at 4°C for 7 days. The bacterial
reduction performed by gaseous or liquid (subcritical) CO2, as nonthermal method, at different levels
in raw milk was compared to those of achieved by laboratory thermal pasteurization. The counts of
standard plate count (SPC), coliforms and psychrotrophic bacteria were determined at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days
of storage period in raw milk treatments and pasteurized milk. The pathogenic bacterial counts were
determined in inoculated sterilized milk during storage period. Changes in the pH values and sensorial
properties of raw skim milk treated with different levels of gaseous or liquid CO2during storage at 4°C
were evaluated. The results showed that the SPC reduced till the 5th day of storage period with liquid
CO2 at different levels, while the SPC of control (without adding CO2) and gaseous CO2 treated raw
milk treatments increased with prolonging storage period but the SPC growth rate of gaseous CO2
treated raw milk treatments was lower than those of control allover storage period. The coliforms and
psychrotrophic bacteria of liquid CO2– treated raw milks were lower than those of treated with gaseous
CO2 along storage period. The liquid CO2 (28.17 mM) treated raw milk showed the absence of coliforms
allover storage period and almost similar low counts of SPC and psychrotrophic bacteria to those of
pasteurized milk. The counts of different studied pathogenic strains inoculated in sterilized milk
declined with increasing liquid CO2 level and prolonging storage period. The counts of E. coli (two
strains) lowered, while S. aureus and B. cereus slightly increased with gaseousCO2. The pH slightly
decreased with increasing gaseous or liquid CO2levels and storage period. Off odors and coagulation
are not recorded for liquid CO2 - raw milk treatments along storage period. Hence, the liquid CO2
(28.17mM) can be used as effective method of storing bulk raw milk and as nonthermal method for
milk pasteurization.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 204-211 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.14
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Effect of packaging types on prolonging marketing period and fruit quality of Balady
lime (Citrus aurantifolia B.) fruits
Ahmed H. A. Mansour
ABSTRACT:
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of packaging types on prolonging the
marketing period of Balady lime fruits as well as to maintain the best quality of fruits during the
marketing periods. The fruits were harvested and received some post-harvest packaging treatments
these treatments were packaging in perforated plastic bags (T1), Packaging in Perforated cellophane
paper (T2), packaging in perforated plastic boxes (T3), packaging in non-perforated plastic bags contain
calcium hydroxide (T4), packaging in non-perforated cellophane paper calcium hydroxide (T5),
packaging in non-perforated plastic boxes calcium hydroxide (T6) and packaging in sealed foam plate
by polyethylene stretch calcium hydroxide (T7). After packaging, fruits were stored in two different
temperatures, room temperature (25°C and 50 – 65 % relative humidity) and cold temperature (7±2°C
and 65-75% relative humidity). Fruits kept at room temperature were examined every 2 days but, under
cold temperature conditions, the samples were examined every 1 week. Our results demonstrated that
these packagings reduce weight loss and unmarketable fruits weight as well as maintain the highest
quality of fruits during marketing were packaging in non-perforated plastic bags (T4), packaging in
non-perforated cellophane paper (T5), and packaging in non-perforated plastic boxes (T6).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 212-225 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.15
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Protective Role of Alpha Lipioc Acid against Liver Oxidative Stress and
Inflammatory Cytokines Induced By Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides
M. Fesal, F. Seif, A. Abdella and H.M. Amin
ABSTRACT:
Lipopolysaccharide is one component of the gram-negative bacterial cell wall and its massive release
within the circulation resulted in hepatotoxicity through inducing oxidative stress after a short period
of time from the exposure. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant effect of alpha lipioc
acid (ALA) against liver oxidative stress induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Materials
and methods: The experiments were performed on forty adult male albino rats for a month. Each group
consisted of ten rats and was distributed as follows: (Group I): normal control saline, (Group II): LPS
intoxicated group, (Group III): orally pre-treated with ALA, and (Group IV): orally pretreated with
ALA before injection with LPS. Results: LPS injection amplified liberating pro-inflammatory
cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β & IL-6) (Il- 10 anti-inflammatory cytokine) as well as lipid peroxidation
(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as liver oxidative stress biomarkers. On the other hand, liver
reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were decreased.
Liver function enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, beside total cholesterol, and triglyceride were
significantly increased above normal rates. ALA was able to limit bacterial poison and its oxidative side
effect on the whole body. Conclusion: Precautions, by taking ALA for a month before LPS injection
was found to improve inflammations, antioxidant activities, and liver architecture.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 226-236 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.16
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Rural-urban differentials in selected socio-demographic characteristics of
Bangladeshi population
Rabiul Islam and K.M. Mustafizur Rahman
ABSTRACT:
Differences is socio-demographic and economic sectors remain are somehow considered as the
stumbling block to the sustainable development. This paper makes an attempt to explore the situation
of rural-urban differentials to find a clear picture in formulating new policies and programmes regarding
overall socioeconomic development of Bangladesh. The data of this study was mainly collected from
the Report on Bangladesh Sample Vital Statistics (SVRS) of different years published by Bangladesh
Bureau of Statistics (BBS). It is found that, despite government initiatives to reduce rural-urban
disparity in the context of development, the inequality between rural and urban areas persists and
challenges continue to evolve. The results of this study should contribute to the creation of innovative
and effective policies and programmes that can improve the status of rural-urban differentials in
Bangladesh. Findings of this study need to be scientifically utilised in developing suitable programmes
addressing the causes of rural-urban differentials in Bangladesh. Otherwise, the aim of comprehensive
and sustainable development may remain elusive.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 237-244 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.17
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Investigation of the Effects of Gram -Negative Bacteria on the Immune Responses and
Liver and Kidney Functions in Albino Rats
Amin, H.M.
ABSTRACT:
Gram-negative bacteria can cause many serious infections, such as pneumonia, peritonitis, urinary tract
infections, bloodstream infections and wound or surgical site infections. The present study aimed to
demonstrate the role of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in innate and adaptive immune responses, lipid
profiles and liver and kidney functions in male albino rats. Animals were divided into control groups
that were injected intraperitoneally with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and treated groups that received
daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.2ml of bacterial suspension containing 6 × 10 cells/ml of 0.9%
NaCl. Rats were sacrificed at the days 4, 8, 12, 16 post-injection and the results indicated that bacterial
infection induced alterations in most of the measured parameters. The biochemical changes recorded
were characterized by decreased serum total proteins, albumin, urea, uric acid, AST, ALT and HDL
cholesterol. On the other hand, remarkable increase was noticed in total lipids, total cholesterol and
(LDL) cholesterol. Marked increase was noticed in total WBCs, monocyes, eosinophils, basophils
neutrophils, phagocytosis in vitro and in vivo, PFC percentage, agglutination ratio, total
immunoglobulin level. On the other hand, a marked decrease was noticed in lymphocytes percentage
(lymphopenia), leukocyte migration inhibition factor (MIF) and Positive results of the precipitation test
in all infected rats were recorded. Conclusion: From the previous results, we can conclude that
Aeromonas hydrophila infection could affect the innate, cell-mediated and humoral immunity and liver
and kidney functions in mammals. The complications accompanied with Aeromonas septicaemia may
be attributed to the immunological and biochemical changes resulted from the bacterial infection, so,
the use of immuno-modulator is necessary in treatment besides the antibacterial drugs.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 245-257 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.18
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Studies on Micro Propagation of Dracaena sanderiana Plants
Gehan M. Y. Salama, A.S. Tawila and Abla H. Dergham
ABSTRACT:
The experimental was intended to find out the well protocol for in vitro propagation of Dracaena
sanderiana. In this respect, plant shoot tips were effectively surface sterilized with a mixture of sodium
hypochlorite (NaOCl) as commercial Clorox and mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ) were used at 1.5 % NaOCl
and 2.0 g/l HgCl 2 . Shoot tip explants were cultured on full MS-medium contains 1.5 mg/l IBA to
establishment. For shoot multiplication, MS-medium contains 2 mg/l BA produced the highest number
of shoots. For in vitro rooting, 2.0 mg/l IBA gave the highest number of roots and root length. Plantlets
after rooting exhibited 100% survival in pots containing peatmoss and sand at a ratio of 3:1 under
greenhouse conditions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 258-264 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.19
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The Effect of Spraying Boric Acid and Marine Algae Extract on the Growth and Yield
of Coriander Plants
Hafiz Y.A.M. and Kenawy A.G.M.
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted at Sids Horticulture Research Station - Horticulture Research Institute -
Agricultural Research Center during the seasons 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 under the conditions of
North Upper Egypt to study the effect of foliar spraying with boron (0, 0.5 and 1 gl -1 ) and algae extract
(0, 1, 2, 3 gl -1 ) and their combinations on coriander plants. The responses of growth characteristics, crop
components and some chemical components, with fertilizing coriander with the recommended amount
of mineral fertilizer with all foliar treatments (boron compound and algae extract). Results led to a
significant improvement as there was a positive effect on various vegetative growth characteristics such
as plant height, number of branches and herb dry weight /plant. The best treatments resulted from the
treatment (0.5 gl -1 of boric acid with 3 gl -1 of algae extract), whether in a single condition or in an
overlapping condition compared to control. There was a clear and significant improvement in the
properties of coriander crops. i.e. the number of fruits per plant and the amount of fruit yield per acre,
as well as, essential oil content and oil components. Accordingly it is recommended that spraying
coriander plants with a boric acid at a concentration of 0.5 gl -1 in combination with 3 gl -1 of algae extract
improved the vegetative growth, yield components and percentage and quality of volatile oil.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 265-276 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.20
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Effect of some Bread Improvers on Staling in Flat Bread
Amany M. Sakr
ABSTRACT:
Emulsifiers, hydrocolloids and enzymes are used as an anti-staling agent in bakery products, providing
increasing of their shelf life, which is especially interesting for industry. The objective of this study was
to evaluate the effects of the emulsifier (monoglyceride), hydrocolloids (xanthan and guar gum) and of
different α-amylases on the quality of flat bread during storage. The results showed that the maltogenic
and fungi α-amylase turned out to be an ideal anti-staling enzyme in flat bread. Also, the addition of
gums (guar and xanthan) caused a slight decrease in the firmness values of the flat bread as well as,
firmness was found to be increasing with the increasing level of monoglyceride in flat bread. The
moisture continued to decrease, but with different additives, the decrease continued with slower rate.
Finally, bread containing a mixture of xanthan, maltogenic α-amylase, and monoglyceride maintained
superior texture characteristics over the storage period while a mixture of guar, maltogenic α-amylase,
and monoglyceride was less effective over the same period.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 277-292 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.21
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Analysis of School Plant Management Practices towards Environmental Aesthetics
on State Universities in South East Geo-Political Zone of Nigeria
Okwara
H. U., Ukozor F.I., Onye C.O. and Anyaogu R.
ABSTRACT:
The study was carried out to analyze school plant management practices towards environmental
aesthetics on state universities in south east geo-political zone of Nigeria. Specifically, the study
assessed the relationship between school plants procurement and environmental aesthetics; operation
of school plants and environmental aesthetics; and the relationship between school plant maintenance
and environmental aesthetics of State Universities. Data for the study were collected from 336
respondents from Abia State, Anambra State, Ebonyi State, Enugu State and Imo State using survey
method. Pearson Product Moment Correlation PPMC was used to analyze the data collected. From the
result, the coefficient of correlation between school plants procurement and environmental aesthetics
of State Universities was 0.35, indicating the existence of low but positive relationship between school
plants procurement and environmental aesthetics of State Universities. The coefficient of correlation
between operation of school plant and environmental aesthetics of State Universities was also low and
positive (r = 0.24). The coefficient of relationship between school plant maintenance and environmental
aesthetics of State Universities was 0.29 implying the existence of low but positive relationship between
school plant maintenance and environmental aesthetics in the study area. The study concludes that
school plant management practices are very important for sound education of students towards the
realization of educational goals and objectives. Hence, it recommended that Government should ensure
that adequate funds are made available for the procurement of school plants.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 293-298 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.22
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Ameliorative Effect of Honey and Bee Venom against Renal Injury Induced by
Lipopolysaccharide (Lps) And Carbon Tetrachloride (Ccl 4 ) in Male Albino Rats
Nagy S. Tawfik, Suzan Alaa Ismail and Noha M. Meligi
ABSTRACT:
The objective of the study was to assess the potential effect of honey and bee venom (BV) on
nephrotoxicity caused by LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) and CCl 4 (Carbon Tetrachloride) in rats. Sixty-four
male albino rats of an average weight of 120–150 g were included in this study. Rats were divided into
8 equal groups of 8. The results showed that treatment with LPS/CCl 4 caused in a significant increase
in serum urea, creatinine as well as uric acid. The use of honey (25 mg/kg b.wt.) and BV (1 mg/kg
b.wt.) attenuates to LPS and CCl 4 induced renal dysfunction was demonstrated. Honey and/or BV may
therefore be a potential therapeutic method to prevent LPS/CCl 4 -induced renal dysfunction.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 299-304 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.23
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Biological evaluation of stabilized full fat black rice bran in hypercholsterolemic rats
S.G. Arafa
ABSTRACT:
This study was performed to investigate the effect of feeding on stabilized full fat black rice bran (S-
BRB) in hypercholesterolemic rats. Chemical composition and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of (S– BRB) was determined. Results revealed that (S–BRB) is a good source of crude protein being 15.45%,
and crude fat was 16.31%, while the amount of ash and crude fiber were 9.10 and11.01% respectively.
Also, total phenolic compounds of (S–BRB) contained (5.08 mg Tannic acid equivalent/g), obtained
results illustrated that substitution of feeding hypercholesterolemic diet with (S–BRB) led to
improvement the High lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemic diet with
(S– BRB) replacement at 75% and 100% also recorded the best and nearest of HDL-C to the negative
control. It was observed also that LDL- cholesterol value of negative control diets (G1) was 33.92mg/dl,
but also the value of the hypercholesterolemic in control (G2) was 179.80 mg/dl. On the other hand, the
LDL cholesterol of rats fed on hypercholesterolemic diet substitution with (S–BRB) 25, 50.75 and
100% (G3, G4, G5 and G6) being 77.04, 61.68, 54.51 and 50.98 mg/dl, respectively. At the final of
experiment (10 weeks), ALT was significantly increased for the hypercholesterolemic control (G2) was
53.76 U/L, while negative control (G1) was 29.38 U/L respectively. Feeding on hypercholesterolemic
diets substituted with (S–BRB) (G3, G4, G5 and G6) led to a more reduction at level 25, 50, 75 and
100% were 36.36, 34.35, 33.25 and 31.15 U/L, respectively comparing with hypercholesterolemic
control (G2). Briefly it be could conclude that (S–BRB) has pronounced effect in lowering cholesterol
serum levels and may be useful for patients suffering from liver and cholesterol diseases.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 305-312 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.24
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Effect of Bacterial Inoculants on Composition, Quality Characteristics, Bacterial
Count and Nutritional Values of Date Palm Frond Silage
Hala M. A. Farrag and M.M.El-Nahrawy
ABSTRACT: Three experimental silages were formulated from 59% date palm leaves, 40% discarded date palm fruit
and 1% Urea, then it was divided into three different parts. The first, control without inoculant; second,
inoculated by Enterococcus faecium; third, inoculated by Lactobacillus plantarum and opened on 0, 7,
21, 40 and 60 days of ensiling. Results showed that inoculated silages with E. faecium and L. plantarum
were led to significant (P<0.05) in contents of CP, EE, NFE and NFC and significant (P<0.05) decrease
in contents of CF, NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and hemicellulose compared to the control silage. The
pH value of silage was lower significantly (P<0.05) with E. faecium and L. plantarum treated silage
contrasted to control silage. Concentrations of lactic, acetic and propionic acids were significantly
(P<0.05) the highest, however the concentrations of butyric acid and ammonia-N were significantly
(P<0.05) the lowest in silage inoculated with L. plantarum followed by silage inoculated with E.
faecium, however the lowest values were done in untreated control silage, The counts of E. faecium
inoculant increased up to 21 days of ensiling and L. plantarum inoculant increased up to 40 days of
ensiling and decreased afterwards. Counts of E. faecium strain was the highest at 21 days of ensiling,
whereas, the highest counts of L. plantarum strain was at 40 days of ensiling. The counts of Enterococci
and Lactobacillus increased significantly (P<0.05) in inoculated silages in comparison with
uninoculated silage. Enterococci rich the highest counts at 21 days of ensiling in L. plantarum
inoculated and at 40 days of ensiling in E. faecium inoculated silage. Meantime, he counts of
Lactobacillus rich the highest counts at 7 days of ensiling in L. plantarum inoculated silages and at 21
days of ensiling in E. faecium inoculated silage. However, uninoculated silage recorded significantly
(P<0.05) higher counts of Enterococci and Lactobacillus at 60 days of ensiling in compared to
inoculated silages. Predicted dry matter intake (DMI) as a percentage of live body weight (LBW), dry
matter digestibility (DMD), relative feeding value (RFV), relative forage quality (RFQ), digestible
energy (DE) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were significantly (P<0.05) higher with E. faecium
and L. plantarum inoculated silages compared to uninoculated control silage. However, gross energy
(GE) did not affected significantly by bacterial inoculants.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 313-322 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.25
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Incorporated Untraditional Sources of Roughage in Growing New Zealand White,
NZW) Rabbit Rations and Its Effects on Nutrient & Cell Wall Digestibility and
Nutritive Values
Roshdy I. El-Kady, Hamed A.A. Omer, Sawsan M. Ahmed, Walid S. El-Nattat Aly
A. El-Shahat, Mahmoud Y. El-Ayek and Ashraf A. A. Morad
ABSTRACT: Seventy eight rabbits (4-5wks) divided into 13 groups that contained 6 were used in thirteen digestibility
trials to study the availability of using rice straw (RS) or corn stalks (CS) as untraditional roughage
sources as a partial or complete substitution or replacement for clover hay . Replacing clover hay (CH)
that incorporated in control at 33% of ration formulation by RS treated with or without Pleurotus
ostreatus and CS with or without Trichoderma reesei at levels (0, 11, 22 and 33%).Untreated RS
(UBTRS) or biological treated (BTRS) with Pleurotus ostreatus caused an increasing in their contents
of crude protein (CP), nitrogen free extract (NFE) and Ash while CF, OM, NDF, ADF, ADL and
hemicellulose decreased in comparable with the raw rice straw. On the other hand, biological treatment
of CS (BTCS) with Trichoderma reesei occurred a decreasing in their values of OM, crude fiber (CF),
NFE, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose, meanwhile, CP, ash and ADL contents of (BTCS) and
untreated CS (UBTCS) were increased. All dietary treatments significantly increased OM digestibility.
The best value of OM digestibility was recorded by rabbits fed 33% BTRS. Rabbits fed 22% and 33%
BTRS or 22% UBTCS and 11% BTCS significantly (P<0.05) increased CP digestibility. Rabbits fed
33% (UBTRS or BTRS) and significantly increased CF digestibility. The best value of EE digestibility
was recorded by rabbits that fed 33% BTCS. All dietary treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased
NFE digestibility. All dietary treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased TDN value. Also, Rabbits
received 22% and 33% BTRC and 22% UBTCS & 11% BTCS significantly (P<0.05) increased their
value of DCP. The highest value of NDF digestibility was recorded by rabbits fed 11% BTCS,
meanwhile the lowest value was observed with 33% UBTCS (P<0.05). Rabbits fed 11, 22 and 33%
BTCS occurred significantly (P<0.05) increasing in hemicellulose digestibility.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 323-333 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.26
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Effects of Bio-Stimulants on Pre and Post-Harvest of Hippeastrum hybridum Cv. Baby
Star
Rehab A. Soffar
ABSTRACT:
Hippeastrum hybridum cv. “Baby star” is grown for its ornamentals’ cut spike as well as a pot and
bedding plants. Plants were exposed to eight foliar application with one month intervals of two
biostimulants, dry yeast extraction at the rates of 3.0-4.0-5.0 and 6.0 g/l and seaweed extraction (algal
extraction) at the level of 1.0-2.0-3.0 and 4.0 ml/l and control treatment (0.0). Using seaweed extraction
at 2 ml/l greatly affected the vegetative growth, resulting in the highest plant height, leaves fresh and
dry weights, leaf area. The lowest flowering time resulted from using seaweed at 1 ml/l. The vase life
of cut spikes was increased by using dry yeast extraction at the level of 5 g/l or seaweed extraction at 3
ml/l, in the two seasons. However, spike length and its dry weights were greatly increased by 4 ml/l of
seaweed foliar spray. The highest cut flowers in vase was obtained using yeast foliar spray at 5.0 g/l or
seaweed foliar spray at 3ml/l Bulbs volumes and weights were also affected using seaweed foliar spray
at the rate of 2 or 4 ml./L in the two seasons, respectively. Seaweed foliar spray 2 ml/l resulted in the
highest chlorophyll content as well as yeast extraction at 4.0 g/l. However, the highest anthocyanin
content in petals’ spike was obtained using 5 g/l from yeast foliar application.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 334-342 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.27
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Productivity and Pest Resistance of Black Cumin in Response to Organic and
Chemical Fertilizers
Esam A. A. Al-Azzony and M.M.A. Ibrahim
ABSTRACT:
The present study was carried out to investigate the impact of organic fertilizers as land application
under NPK levels on black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) growth, chemical components, productivity,
susceptibility to pest's infestation and harboring natural enemies during 2016 / 2017 and 2017 / 2018
seasons. The results cleared that, the tested fertilizers were influenced target parameters of N. sativa
plants significantly. The high means of plant height, root length, branches, roots and inflorescences
numbers, fresh weight of plant (with and without fruit), fruit, root and 100 seeds; chemical components
of, N, P, K, Carbohydrates, Volatile oil and Fixed oil; Also, the high values of Lauric, Myristi, Palmitic,
Stearic, Oleic, Linoleic, Linolenic and Eicosadienoic fatty acids were recorded for plants received
humic acid and/or Nitrobeen under the level of 75 % NPK. The results of pests infested N. sativa plants
revealed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) between its mean numbers due to variation in rates
and types of fertilizers. The lowest mean numbers of dominant pests were recorded for E. decipiens, A.
gossypii, B. tabaci and T. tabaci, N.viridula , O. hyalinipenni and H. armigera on N. sativa plants
received same previous treatments. Also, the mean numbers of inspected pests were correlated
significantly with plant height and branches number. According to these results, mineral fertilizers
could be managed with bio and organic fertilizers for producing good yield and tolerant black cumin
plants to pest's infestation to avoid bad side effects of agrochemicals with the aim to get safe foods
[ FULL TEXT PDF 343-359 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.28
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Application of Trichoderma Spp. in Controlling Orobanche Ramosa Parasitism in
Chamomile
Mahmoud A.T. El-Dabaa, Karima H. E. Haggag and Ragab A. El-Mergawi
ABSTRACT:
Biological control could play a role in the management of Orobanche parasitism in plant production.
Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of three Trichoderma spp.including
T. hamatum, T. viride and T. harzianum on controlling O. ramose parasite in chamomile plant .Soil
treatment with Trichoderma (at 3.6×10 8 propagules g -1 ) was effective in reducing infection with O.
ramose by delaying in Orobanche attachments and reducing number and growth of tubercles. T.
hamatum and T. viride completely protected chamomile plants against Orobanche infestation until 3
months after transplanting. Fungi treatments caused more than 75% reduction in number of O. ramosa
attachments, fresh and dry weights of tubercles. Moreover, Trichoderma treatments improved
chamomile growth, where the treatments increased fresh and dry plant biomass between 59-90% and
67.6-112.2%, respectively compared with untreated plants. Among the three applied fungi, T. viride
produced the most enhancement effects on chamomile growth. Results revealed that the application of
tested Trichoderma spp. could play an important effect in controlling O. ramosa parasitism in
chamomile as a natural bio-herbicide as well as enhancing the growth parameters of chamomile.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 360-367 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejas/2021.11.1.29
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