January-March, 2020
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Bradyrhizobium and humic substances fertigation improved fertility and
productivity of drip-irrigated sandy soil: Field observations on peanut (Arachis
hypogaea L.)
Abido, W. A. E., Omar, M. M.
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were carried out during 2016 and 2017 summer seasons in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replicates under the ecological conditions of Noubaria
District, Beheira Governorate, Egypt to evaluate the applicability potential of Bradyrhizobium and
humic substances fertigation for improving soil fertility and productivity of peanut grown on a dripirrigated
sandy soil compared to compost and mineral fertilizers applications. Physicochemical
analysis revealed the high nutrients content of humic substances as well as their nano-sized diameter
and abundance of active functional groups. Organic inputs (compost in particular) improved water
retention and the lateral water movement in the rhizosphere compared to the prevalence of gravitydominated
vertical movement in the mineral fertigation treatment. Compost application recorded the
highest soil organic matter content, which decreased soil pH value. However, Bradyrhizobium and
humic substances fertigation exhibited the highest concentrations of available nutrients (N, P and K)
and nodulation parameters (nodules number and their dry weight) compared to compost and mineral
fertilizers. Although mineral fertigation induced the highest vegetative growth characters,
Bradyrhizobium and humic substances fertigation elicited the highest quantitative and qualitative
yield indices. The current study, provides insights into the potential fertigation of N-fixing bacteria
alongside with humic substances for maximizing water and nutrient supply potentials of drip-irrigated
sandy soils.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 1-17 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.1
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Morphological and anatomical studies on some species of Polygonaceae in Egypt
Fatema S. Mohamed, Safwat A. Azer
ABSTRACT:
The taxonomic relationships among eight species of Polygonaceae; Persicaria
senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják., Rumex dentatus L., Rumex vesicarius L., Calligonum
polygonoides L., Antigonon guatimalense Meisn., Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.,
Ruprechtia laxiflora Meisn. and Ruprechtia salicifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) C.A. Mey. have
been concentrated on the basis of information derived from macro- and micro-morphological
characters. These diagnostic characters appeared to be significant in differentiation among
the studied species. The present work recorded important features in the blade outline,
ochreae shape, perianth structure and fruit appendages. The stem outline ranged from terete,
ovoid with wavy margin and pentagonal. Pericycle showed two types; parenchymatous and
fibrous. Vascular structure of stem appeared either a continuous ring or isolated bundles. The
outline of the petiole demonstrates that the studied species can be distinguished into four
patterns (semi-terete with wavy margin, half circle with wavy margin, half circle with two
projections and oval). Also the stomata revealed three main types; Anomocytic, anisocytic
and paracytic. This work showed that the studied species recorded five types of non-glandular
trichomes and three types of glandular trichomes. A dichotomous indented key to the species
is constructed. The data recorded from the morphological and anatomical characters are used
in numerical analysis. This analysis showed that species were grouped into two major
clusters, the first one (I) consisted of one species; Calligonum polygonoides while the second
cluster (II) included the remainders.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 18-33 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.2
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An analytical study of wheat storage allocation in Egypt between current situation
and desired outcomes
Asmaa Mohamed El-Tokhy Bahloul and Mohamed Osman Abdel Fatah
ABSTRACT
The strategic stock of domestic and imported wheat economically and in terms of security are
considered as the most important factors that Egyptian food security underpin on it, The strategic stock
of wheat in Egypt is estimated to be sufficient for consumption of wheat in Egypt within the next three
months, with the aim of avoiding global fluctuations in prices and quantities, which required that the
state directs all its efforts to develop storage methods to preserve the wheat crop in quantitative and
descriptive terms. The research problem was represented in the low level of technology and storage
equipment leading to an increase in the percentage of agricultural losses, especially in the storage stage,
in addition to the shortage in developing and providing storage capacities in proportion to the quantities
required to be stored to meet the increasing consumer demands. Where the research relied on the use of
the transportation model in wheat storage in the governorates of Egypt now and in the future.
By studying the regression relationship with the double logarithmic form between the quantity of
wheat supply as an independent variable (X) and the amount of agricultural losses as a dependent
variable (Y) it was found that there is a direct relationship between the quantity of supply and the
amount of losses, where the value of the correlation coefficient between them was 0.97 between the
two variables, where it was found that an increase in the quantity of wheat supplied by 1% leads to an
increase in wheat loss by around 1.8%.
The research also made many attempts that amounted about (35) attempts to reach the best
transportation pattern for wheat in Egypt at the minimum transportation costs, where the results showed
that the most important storage capacities proposed to be established in those governorates and referred
to as dummy variables distributed over the governorates under study (except Cairo and Qalyobia) .
The total transportation cost of wheat that distributed over the storage capacities in the various
governorates amounted to 150.96 million pounds for the year 2018. While the total estimated cost of
transporting 15.5 million tons and distributing it to the storage capacities proposed to be established is
minimized to around 149.37 million pounds, as it is less than the actual model about 1.59 million
pounds.
The total estimated cost of transporting 18.5 million tons and distributing it over the storage
capacities proposed to be established is minimized to around 147.77 million pounds, to be less than the
actual model by about 3.19 million pounds.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 34-45 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.3
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Effect of bunch covering on yield and fruit quality of "Barhee" date palm cultivar
Harhash M.M., W.F.A. Mosa, Safaa M. El-Nawam and Hassan R. H. Gattas
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted during two successive seasons 2018 and 2019 on twelve years old date
palm trees (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Barhee. The trees of were grown on sandy soil conditions
under dripp irrigation system in a private orchard located at Wadi El-Natroun region, El-Behera
governorate, Egypt. Eight bunches on each palm were selected uniformly and nearly in size and were
subjected to five bunch covering treatments: control" without covering", white paper, kraft paper,
white cloth and brown cloth at the beginning of fruit color break stages: end of kimri and beginning of
bisir stages. The applied treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD)
with three replicates (three trees) for each treatment. The obtained results showed that bunch weight in
kg and yield in kg per palm were greatly increased by covering bunches with white paper and white
and brown cloth as compared to control in both seasons. Moreover, they were also significantly
increased by using kraft paper in the second season over control. Fruit weight was increased
remarkably by using white or kraft paper and white or brown cloth in covering bunches of “Barhee”
date palm over control in both experimental seasons. TSS percentage was greatly increased in the
fruits which were produced from bunch covering with white or kraft paper and white or brown cloth
over control. Moreover, white or brown cloth were superior in this term as compared to white or kraft
paper in the two seasons.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 46-51 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.4
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Economics of Fish production and Marketing in Egypt
Yahya M. M. Khalil, Salah S. Abd El-Ghani, Tamer G. I. Mansour
ABSTRACT:
The total quantity of fish produced in Egypt is estimated at 1413 thousand tons. The main
sources are natural sources such as sea, river Nile and lakes, which produce about 455 thousand tons,
and industrial sources such as fish farms, which produce about 957.96 thousand tons, representing
32.2% and 67.8%, And the amount consumed about 1733 thousand tons and estimated the fish gap is
about 290 thousand tons, which are imported from abroad worth about 4131 million pounds for the
average period (2010-2018).
Egypt has a problem of low fish production despite the presence of large water bodies in addition
to the possibility of increasing industrial sources such as fish farms and fish cages. Fish marketing
also faces the greed of intermediaries, with the difficulty of funding for fishermen and weak
marketing services.
So come the search goal to identification of the main features of the production of (Tilapia,
Mullet, Bayad, Catfish) and how to market fish through the study of producer prices, wholesaler and
retailer during the period (1990-1999), (2000-2009), (2010-2018) and the relative distribution of the
consumer pound, Monthly seasonal retail prices of varieties during the two periods (2007-2012),
(2013-2018).
We conclude from the seasonal study that the fish (Bayad fish and catfish) are good substitutes
for mullet, and tilapia and mullet are good substitutes for catfish, and Bayad fish is not a good
alternative to tilapia, There is a temporal effect of time on the prices of tilapia, mullet, the positive
correlation also shows the months of February, March, June, July and September, which confirms the
increased demand for fish in these months, and that the permanent deficit in all sources of protein
causes the difficulty of the possibility of substantial decreases in prices during the months of the year.
The research recommends attention to the natural resources of fish such as sea, lakes and rivers to
increase Egyptian fish production, in addition to increasing fish farms and fish cages, the use of
modern technologies in production, the study of problems faced by producers in fish marketing, and
the good study of the monthly seasonality of fish production, consumption and prices to bridge the
fish gap.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 52-60 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.5
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Impact of Silica Gel application under Different Irrigation Levels on Water
Retention Characteristics and some Physical Properties of Clay Soil
F. N. Mahrous and S. H. AbdElghany
ABSTRACT:
A field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons (2017 and 2018) at Agricultural
Research Center Station (ARC), Giza, Egypt. Clover was cultivated as an indicator crop to evaluate
the residual effect of different rates of silica gel (hydrogel) as a soil inorganic amendment on rice crop
yield and clover along with plant water relationships and soil physical properties. Four irrigation
treatments, i.e. 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the applied water at recommended rate (RDWI) as well as
four rates of soil amendment as silica gel (Hg) (45, 75, 105 and 130) kg .fd-1 were added before
cultivation. Mixing the soil by different rates of silica gel improved water soil retention parameter and
their hydraulic conductivity (Ks cm/hr) and bulk density (BD g/cm3) The highest values were existed
under the highest rate of silica gel 130 kg .fd-1 at 80% RDWI, meanwhile the treatments of silica gel
under 60% RDWI recorded the lowest values for soil water retention at the same level of (Hg). The
residual effect of silica gel was non valuable and the addition of silica gel will be recommended every
season to get the valuable improvement in soil water retention because of degradation of silica gel
during the second season. The values of water holding capacity (WHC%), field capacity (FC%),
wilting point (WP%) and available water (AW%) were improved as a result of silica gel addition to
the soil compared to control during the first season. The corresponding relative increases were
35.13%, 49.50%, 33.93% and 33.31% for (WHC%), (FC%), (WP%) and (AW%) respectively.
Whereas the relative decreases for hydraulic conductivity (Ks cm/hr) and bulk density (BD gm/cm3)
were 20.88% and 11.81% respectively. The maximum significant value was at 80% RDWI and 130
kg .fd-1 Hg in the first season. These results indicated that the addition of silica gel should be added
frequently every season to get sensing improvement for soil water parameters. The results of yield and
crop water productivity (CWP) indicated that the best results for rice soil were existed at applied
irrigation 80% of RDWI and 130 kg .fd-1 of Hg for the first season, and no longer effect at the second
season during clover cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that, using 130kg/fed of silica gel as soil
amendment are usable to save 20% of applied irrigation water for rice crop without reduction in yield.
Also the additions of silica gel were recommended at every season due to the degradation of silica gel
during the hydration cycle in between seasons which led to decrease the holding water ability of
treated soils.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 61-74 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.6
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Reducing sap-sucking pests infesting Eggplant using biological control agent and
colored plastic soil mulches under green house
Inas M. Y. Mostafa, Mona I. Ammar, Hayam M. Saad and S.M. Abolmaaty
ABSTRACT:
Field trial was conducted during two successive seasons on 2017- 2018 and 2018 - 2019 at
greenhouse experimental area, Dokki, Giza Governorate. This study aims to evaluating the efficiency
of different colored mulches and biological control Chrysoperla carnea) (Stephens), agents well as
the effect of some environmental factors on the reduction of population density of the main sapsucking
pests infesting eggplant (Solanum melanogena L.) and yield. The trials were used two
treatments; White cover + C. carnea agent, Black cover + C. carnea agent, only colored mulches
and without colored mulches or biological agent The results revealed that there are significant
differences between using colored mulches with BC on population densities of some pests the
whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Data showed that
the relationship between different treatments of management on population density of B. tabaci and T.
urticae with decrease of crop yield for eggplant were highly significant effect of different treatments.
These results revealed significant negative effects of maximum temperature and minimum
temperature on the seasonal fluctuations of B. tabaci and T. urticae throughout in both season. While
in the mean percentages of relative humidity found insignificant positive effects.
Recommendation: the paper recommendation by cover soil surface with black or white mulch
and use BC to reduce population of whitefly and red mite and increase yield.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 75-80 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.7
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Physicochemical properties of hydrolyzed collagen produced from chicken feet
Mahmoud F.S.A. Kodous
ABSTRACT:
Chicken feet can be used as an substitution source for production hydrolyzed collagen as new
desirable healthy food product, this study aims to use the enzymatic hydrolysis method for chicken
feet (considered as byproduct) to produce hydrolyzed collagen with orange flavor to be food
supplement for anti-aging, anti- osteoporotic and anti arthritis, anti-inflammatory, anti tumor. The
results indicated that the hydrolyzed collagen that produced in this study was high in all enzymatic
treatments(enzyme concentrate 0.03,0.04 and 0.05%) of glycine, proline and hydroxyproline content,
as known that proline and hydroxyproline percent were very important for producing glucosamine in
the human body in the presence of ascorbic acid. The results showed that adding orange essence, as
well as ascorbic acid during producing of hydrolyzed collagen increased the nutritional value
especially in vitamin C from 0 mg/100g of hydrolyzed collagen without any additives (G1) to 500
mg/100g in hydrolyzed collagen with orange essence, as well as ascorbic acid (G2). While protein
content decreased from 91.38% to 90.58%. For sensory evaluation it was found that color, odor, taste,
texture and overall acceptability for hydrolyzed collagen with orange essence, as well as ascorbic acid
(G2) was higher than hydrolyzed collagen (G1).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 81-89 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.8
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Economic returns of incorporation agro-industrial by-products in farm animals
feeding.
1. Impact of replacement yellow corn with potato by-products in rabbit diets
Hamed A.A. Omer, Soha S. Abdel-Magid, Nayera Y. Solieman and Rania M.
Barghash
ABSTRACT:
One major limiting factor to livestock production is the high cost of conventional feedstuffs such
as (soybean meal, maize, clover hay…etc). However, many feedstuffs, especially agro-industrial byproducts
which are usually of no feeding value to humans can alternatively be fed at cheaper cost to
animals. This work was divided into two sections (first section illustrated the nutritional evaluation of
potato by-products (PBP) as a source of agro-industrials by-products that incorporated in ration
formulation of rabbits. On the other hand, the second section illustrated the evaluation of economic
returns for using this unconventional source of feed stuffs in rabbit rations formulation. The results
obtained mentioned that potato by-products (PBP) can be used as a good unconventional source of
energy and protein, in addition to, it can be considered as alternative feedstuffs for yellow corn in
rabbit diets without any adverse effect on their performance. Also, it can be considered that potato byproducts
a cheap source of un conventional feedstuffs can be used economically in rabbit diets
formulations. Under the conditions available during carried out of this study and from the result
obtained it could be mentioned that replacing yellow corn by potato by-products, realized an
improving in their performance and depressed the feeding cost.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 90-99 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.9
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Economic returns of incorporation agro-industrial by-products in farm animals
feeding
2. Impact of replacement clover hay with Strawberry by-products in rabbit diets
Hamed A.A. Omer, Soha S. Abdel-Magid, Nayera Y. Solieman and Rania M.
Barghash
ABSTRACT:
Many feedstuffs, especially agro-industrial by-products which are usually of no feeding value to
humans can alternatively be fed at cheaper cost to animals, because one major limiting factor to
livestock production is the high cost of conventional feedstuffs such as (soybean meal, maize, clover
hay…etc). This work was divided into two sections (first section illustrated the nutritional evaluation
of strawberry by-products (SBP) as a source of agro-industrials by-products that incorporated in ration
formulation of rabbits. On the other hand, the second section illustrated the evaluation of economic
returns for using this unconventional source of feedstuffs in rabbit rations formulation. The present
results showed that strawberry by-products (SBP) can be used as a good unconventional source of
protein and energy, in addition to, it can be considered as alternative feedstuffs for clover hay in rabbit
diets without any adverse effect on their performance. Also, when inclusion SBP in rabbit diets, the
feeding cost occurred decreasing in their total cost of production, consequently it can be considered that
strawberry by-products a cheap source of unconventional feedstuffs can be used economically in rabbit
diets formulations. From the result obtained and under the same conditions available during carried out
of this work it could be revealed that replacing clover hay by strawberry by-products, caused an
improving in their performance and reduced the feeding cost.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 100-109 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.10
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Economic returns of incorporation agro-industrial by-products in farm animals
feeding.
3. Impact of incorporation Sugar beet pulp in sheep rations
Hamed A.A. Omer, Soha S. Abdel-Magid, Nayera Y. Solieman and Rania M.
Barghash
ABSTRACT:
This work was divided into two sections (first section illustrated the nutritional evaluation of
sugar beet pulp (SBP) as a source of agro-industrials by-products that incorporated in ration
formulation of sheep. On the other hand, the second section illustrated the evaluation of economic
returns for using this unconventional source of feedstuffs in sheep rations formulation. The present
results obtained showed that SBP can be used as a good unconventional source of protein and energy,
in addition to, it can be considered as alternative feedstuffs for most ingredients that used in sheep
rations but was noticed significantly (P<0.05) decreasing on their performance. Also, when inclusion
SBP in sheep rations, the feeding cost occurred decreasing in their total cost of production,
consequently it can be considered that sugar beet pulp a cheap source of unconventional feedstuffs
can be used economically in sheep ration formulations. From the result obtained and under the same
conditions available during carried out of this work it could be revealed that incorporation sugar beet
pulp, reduced the feeding cost of sheep.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 110-120 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.11
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Effect of Humic Acid Application on Qualitative Parameters of Sugar Beet Cv.
Shirin
Amir Rahimi, Mustafa Kiralan and Fatemeh Ahmadi
ABSTRACT:
The present experiment aimed to investigate the influence of humic acid application on
qualitative traits of sugar beet cv. ‘Shirin’ basis of a randomized complete block design with four
replications during 2007-2008. The plants were treated with different humic acid treatments (control,
200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 kg ha-1). The sugar and non-sugar components such as potassium,
sodium, amino-nitrogen and some qualitative parameters for sugar processing such as alkalinity of
juice , root yield, sugar percent, recoverable sugar, and sugar content in molasses were determined
according to the standard methods. According to the results, humic acid application enhanced sugar
quality of sugar beet. The lowest value for K, Na and amino-nitrogen was observed in H300 treatment
(300 kg ha-1) with 3.85 meq 100 g-1 pulp, 1.22 meq 100 g-1 pulp and 1.21 meq 100 g-1 pulp,
respectively. The highest recoverable sugar content (15.64%) was obtained from 500 kg ha-1
application. Also, the highest sugar yield (18.41%) and the lowest sugar content in molasses (2.14%)
were observed in the treatments of 400 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1humic acid, respectively.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 121-129 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.12
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Role of Boron and Calcium on growth, flowering and yield of strawberry (Fragaria
x ananassa Duch) var. Liberation D'Orleans
Ahmed A. A. M. Ahmed, Zuhair A. Dawood, Wisam K. Khalid
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted in the field of Horticulture Dept. at Agricultural & Forestry
College, Mosul University during the season of 2017/2018. The aim was to study the effect of
Calcium concentration (0.25 and 0.5% as calcium chloride) and Boron concentration (30 and 60
mg.L-1 as Boric acid) and control (Untreated plants), on the growth, flowering and yield of strawberry
plant var. Liberation D'Orleans. The design of the experiment was a Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results indicated that the plants which sprayed with 0.25%
Ca gave the highest and significantly different results of average of No. leaves/plants (43.67), leaf
area (4268.1 cm2), No. of runner/ plant (21.58) in comparison with control, except the highest average
of vegetative dry weight (187.71) gm. While 0.5% Ca spraying application gave the best average,
which differs significantly in No. of flowers/plant (20.00), Total yield/plant (112.34gm) and Total
yield/Exp. unit (449.37gm). compared to control.
The best effect of Boron was shown in the dry weight of root that gave 174.71 g and it differs
significantly in comparison with Ca conc. and control treatment (non-spraying).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 130-133 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.13
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Changes in Post-harvest Quality of Menthe and Sage fresh Cut Herbs Treated with
Citric acid, Salicylic Acid and Chitosan under Cold storage
A. Nazmy Abdel-Hamid
ABSTRACT:
The effect of citric acid, salicylic acid and chitosan as pre-storage treatments on store ability of
fresh cut herbs of Menthe (Menha piperita L.) and Sage (Saliva officinalis L.) during 2018 and 2019
seasons were studied.
The fresh cut herbs of both species were stored for 15 days at 5°C followed by 5 days at 20°C
as a marketing conditions simulation. Physical properties, chemical constituents and volatile oil
contents were evaluated.
Weight loss %, discarded herb % and external appearance in both herbs greatly affected with
different treatments and cold storage durations and the great effect in this respect was obtained with
salicylic acid at 1.0 mM and chitosan at 1000 ppm. However, a great values in total chlorophyll, Lascorbic
acid, total phenol and total flavones due to the applied treatments compared with control in
menthe and sage herbs were recorded during cold storage at 5°C for 15 days followed by marketing
durations at 20°C for 5 days. On contrary , an evident decrease in total acidity was observed with
advanced in cold storage periods and due to the applied treatments compared with control in both
herbs, during cold storage at 5°C for 15 days and during marketing durations at 20°C for 5 days.
Additionally, an evident decrease in total acidity was observed with advanced in cold storage periods
and due to the applied treatments compared with control.
In other side of view, electrolyte leakage and respiration rate values were controlled with
applied treatments than untreated herbs either at cold storage at 5°C for 15 days or during marketing
period at 20°C for 5 days. Volatile oil of both menthe and sage fresh cut herbs greatly affect with cold
storage duration at 5°C for 15 days and followed by 5 days at 20°C. However, volatile oil of menthe
fresh cut herb ranged from 0.22-0.27% and from 0.31-0.36% in sage herbs.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 134-148 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.14
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The Essentiality of Selenium for Plants, and Their Role in Plant Physiology. A review
Abou Seeda M.A., Yassen A.A., Abou El-Nour E.A.A., Gad, Mervat M. and Sahar M.
Zaghloul
ABSTRACT:
Selenium (Se) is a trace element indispensable for humans, animals and some microorganisms. For
plants, its essentiality has not yet been established, despite its responsibility for a number of beneficial
effects in several plant species. Plants take up Se mainly as selenate and selenite, using root high-affinity
membrane transporters that normally mediate the influx of sulfate and phosphate ions, respectively. Se
can access the sulfur (S) assimilation pathway and incorporated into the Se-amino acids Se-cysteine
(SeCys) and Se-methionine (SeMet). Studies with transgenics showed that some enzymes working in
this pathway are rate limiting for Se uptake, tolerance and accumulation in plants. Selenium at high
concentration is toxic for plants, both due to oxidative stress and because Se-amino acids are nonspecifically
incorporated into proteins, which lose their folding and function as a result. Therefore,
plants have evolved different strategies to cope with Se toxicity. They usually involve the conversion
of Se-amino acids into less harmful volatile compounds. Specifically, plants that do not accumulate Se
at high levels produce dimethylselenide (DMSe) using SeMet as a precursor, while Sehyperaccumulators,
i.e. plants able to tolerate and accumulate significant amounts of Se in their tissues,
and generate dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) starting from the amino acid SeCys. Selenium
hyperaccumulators have additional mechanisms to prevent SeCys disincorporation into protein, like
methylation of SeCys to methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) via SeCys methyltransferase (SMT), and
breaking down of SeCys into elemental Se and alanine. . Hyperaccumulators also have elevated
selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT) levels, whose product is the main form accumulated, methylselenocysteine.
This form is sequestered in hyperaccumulators mainly in epidermis and reproductive
tissues. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses indicate constitutively elevated levels of the
hormones jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ethylene, which may explain the constitutive up regulation
of sulfate uptake and assimilation. Hyperaccumulators also have higher transcript levels of genes
involved in oxidative stress resistance and defense against biotic stress, which may contribute to Se
tolerance and are upregulated by the same stress/defense hormones.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 149-170 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.15
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Genetic Diversity Variation based on RAPD and Specific Markers of some Citrus
Species
Hala M. El-Khayat
ABSTRACT:
The present study was conducted in 2016 season in order to study genetic diversity of eight citrus
cvs, four sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) cvs named: Balady, Blood orange (Ahmar
bedamo), Khalili, and red Khalili (Khalili ahmar) and four lemon and lime cvs named: Eurkea
lemon (Citrus limon), lime cvs Shaery lime and Egyptian lime (Citrus aurantifolia ) and Sweet
lemon (Citrus limetta) budded on sour orange growing in a clay soil in a private farm in Rasheed,
Behera Governorate, Egypt. The obtained data indicated that genetic analysis resulted in 137 total
amplicons with an average 15.22 and 136 polymorphic amplicons with an average15.11 and one
monomorphic amplicon with an average 0.111 with 100%for all studied primers except S1 which give
88% polymorphism with an average 98.76%. High fragments number were observed in Eurkea
Lemon cultivar reached 57 fragments band, while the less fragments number was observed in
Egyptian lime and sweet lemon cultivars reached 45 fragments band. Genetic similarity among
analyzed Citrus cultivars ranged from (0.04) between red kalili and shaery lime to (0.77%) between
blood orange and white kalili. The genetic distance was 9.85 between Kalili orange and Shaery lime
as well as Red Kalili and Shaery lime. In addition, it was 9.75 between Red Kalili and Eurkea Lemon
and the same between Balady orange and Shaery lime. Nine RAPD primers generate 44 markers (39
positive and 5 negative markers) ranged from 110 to1400 bp as well as , MDH gene expression ratio
showed that the expression ratio was greater in Eurkea lemon (3.73) and shaery lime (3.88) as it
was 2.56 in Red kalili and 2.38 in Egyptian lime. Results of leaves SDS-protein revealed a total
number of 11 bands with molecular weight (MW) ranging from a bout 31.8 to 96.3 K Da. In addition,
analysis of data showed four common band (monomorphic 33.4,40.6,58.7 and 92.4 KDa ) while, the
remaining seven bands were polymorphic with 31.4,36.0,44.3,66.3,81.2,89.6 and 96.3 K Da. Also,
results indicated that, Sweet lemon and Balady orange gave the highest bands numbers (9) whereas
Eurkea Lemon gave the lowest numbers (5).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 171-185 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.16
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Phytoremediation of heavy metals principles, mechanisms, enhancements with
several efficiency enhancer methods and perspectives: A Review
Abou Seeda M.A., Yassen A.A., Abou EL-Nour E.A.A., Gad Mervat M. and Sahar
M. Zaghloul
ABSTRACT:
Heavy metals pollution is one of the hot areas of environmental research. Despite natural existence,
various anthropomorphic sources have contributed to an unusually high concentration of heavy metals
in the environment. Contaminated soils with heavy metals is a widespread environmental issue resulting
from global industrialization. Conventional techniques for reclamation of contaminated soils are
expensive and environmental non-friendly. Phytoremediation is a technique utilizing green plants to
clean up the environment from contaminants and is offered as a cost-effective and non-invasive
alternative to the conventional engineering-based remediation methods. It is a viable, relatively low cost
approach to removing heavy metals from contaminated sites, and is aesthetically pleasing approach
most suitable for developing countries.. The mechanisms by which plants promote the removal of
pollutants are varied, including uptake and concentration, transformation of pollutants, stabilization,
and rhizosphere degradation, in which plants promote the growth of bacteria underground in the root
zone that in turn break down pollutants. Integrated processes are the combination of two different
methods to achieve a synergistic and an effective effort to remove heavy metals. Most of the review
articles published so far mainly focus on individual methods on specific heavy metal removal, that too
from a particular environmental matrix only. However, more research focus on the process is needed to
challenge the in situ operative conditions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 186-214 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.17
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The Common Mycoflora in Four Legumes Seeds and their Effects on Seedling Vigor
index
Kandhare Ashok Sadhu
ABSTRACT:
Seed samples of Green gram, Black gram, Chickpea and Pigeon pea were collected from fields,
market places from Nanded, Maharashtra, India, for isolation of common borne fungi and study their
effects on seed germination as well as length of shoots and roots of seedlings in different tested plants.
Six of seeds borne fungi, i.e. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger,
Drechslera tetramera, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus stolonifer were common isolated mycoflora.
The isolated fungi reduced the above parameters when compared with the controls. The seedling
emergence vigor was in the ranges of 278.7-399.1, where the SVI of Chickpeawas highly affected,
followed by Black gram, Pigeon pea and Green gram, respectively.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 215-219 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.18
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Effect of vermicompost as fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of bean plants
(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
S.O. Mahmoud and D.A.M. Gad
ABSTRACT:
The effects of vermicompost on the growth, productivity and chemical characteristics of bean
plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were carried out in open field, Giza, faculty of agriculture, Cairo
University. Five treatments were applied to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, in comparison to
inorganic fertilizers–NPK, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100% chemical fertilizer(control).A field
experiment was conducted with the objective to investigate the effects of vermicompost and NPK
fertilizer on crop growth and pods yield of beans with an ultimate aim of optimizing nutrient
requirement in mild-tropical climate during the two seasons 2018 & 2019.The experiment was laid
out in RCBD with five treatments and three replications. The results showed that Vermi-fertilizer (VC
100%) positively affected all measured characteristics except individual Number of pods. Control was
improved by width. This organic fertilizer is therefore increasingly considered in agriculture and
horticulture as a promising alternative to inorganic fertilizers and/or peat in greenhouse potting media.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 220-226 ] DOI: 10.36632/mejar/2020.9.1.19
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