https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/issue/feed Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences 2025-07-11T10:05:00+00:00 Prof. Dr. Shaban D. Abou-Hussein shaban_abouhussein@yahoo.com Open Journal Systems <p class="w3-justify"><strong>EISSN:</strong> 2706-7947<br /><strong>ISSN:</strong> 2077-4613<br /><strong>Freqency:</strong> 4</p> <p><strong>Abbreviated key title:</strong> Middle East J. Appl. Sci.</p> <p><strong>Aims and Scope:</strong><br />Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes original and high-quality research papers and review articles in all areas of Applied Science.<br /><br /><a href="https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/submission-guidelines">Submit your manuscript</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.curresweb.com/mejas/index.html">Previous published Issues upto December 2021</a><br />Issues Published in 2022 and afterwards are available in <strong>Archies </strong>and<strong> Current Issue</strong> links.<br /><a href="https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/issue/archive">Archives</a></p> https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/article/view/605 Effect of Pot Size and Hydroponics Technique on Growth and Yield of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) 2025-04-25T08:19:22+00:00 . hayderbahjat@uokirkuk.edu.iq . abc@example.com . abc@example.com <p>The current experiment was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 at Nursery of the Directorate of Agriculture Kirkuk / Kirkuk governate, Iraq, to study the effect of pot size (250, 150, 100 ml) and hydroponics technique (Deep Water Culture and Nutrient film) on growth and yield of lettuce, which were placed in the main panels of statistical design. The experiment design was split plot System, within the design of the complete random sectors and four replications while, the averages were compared according to the Duncan polynomial test at the level of probability of 5% ≥ p. The main results exceeded that the size of the pot 150 ml in deep water culture significantly in most of the studied characteristics, including the average weight of the head, total and total quotient, with a significant increase of 17.53 and 17.70%, respectively.</p> 2025-04-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/article/view/615 Quality Characteristics of Cold Stored Fresh Beef Sausage Formulated with Incorporation of Wheat Germ and Treated by Gamma Rays 2025-05-14T18:52:52+00:00 . hshawki65@hotmail.com . abc@example.com <p>The quality characteristics of fresh beef sausage formulated with incorporation of wheat germ and treated by gamma rays were studied during cold storage. Samples of fresh beef sausage were formulated by incorporation of wheat germ at level of 10%. The prepared sample were exposed to gamma rays at doses of 0 ,3 and 4.5 kGy and the quality characteristics were examined every 3 days during refrigerated storage of samples at 4±10C. Samples of irradiated and non-irradiated sausage were highly acceptable for their sensory properties. Irradiation of samples significantly decreased their total bacterial count and molds and yeasts counts, while total psychrophilic bacterial and coliform bacteria were not detected in all irradiated samples. All microbial counts showed gradual increases during cold storage of samples but the rate of increases was lower in irradiated samples except coliform bacteria which were not detected in all irradiated samples during their cold storage. On the other hand, cold storage induced gradual decreases in the values of PH for all non-irradiated and irradiated samples, meanwhile the contents of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) gradually increased in all sample under investigation during their cold storage. A significantly drop in the counts of<br>Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis in irradiated samples, with no levels detected over the storage time. The bacteria count of control (non-irradiated) samples, on the other hand, gradually increased, demonstrating the limited efficacy of cold storage alone. Additionally, Bacillus cereus was completely suppressed by 4.5 kGy gamma irradiation, although 3 kGy treatment<br>markedly inhibited its growth in comparison to the control. Salmonella spp. count was not detected in any of the samples. Irradiation of beef sausage at doses of 3 and 4.5 kGy extended the refrigerated shelf life of sample of 18 and 21 days respectively compared to 6 days for the non-irradiated samples. It is recommended to use 4.5 kGy gamma-irradiation to enhance cold-stored fresh beef sausage with wheat germ for the best overall outcomes. The product's safety is ensured by eliminating major microbial hazards, such as Bacillus cereus. Bacterial, yeast, and mold growth is significantly reduced during cold storage, and the cold storage shelf life is extended to 21 days at 4 ± 1 °C while maintaining acceptable sensory qualities (color, odor, taste, and texture). Thus, for fresh beef sausage, this dosage achieves the best possible mix of shelf-life extension, microbiological safety, and sensory quality during cold<br>storage.&nbsp;</p> 2025-04-30T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/article/view/627 Therapeutic and Protective Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Formulated with Clove Essential Oil as Ecofriendly Treatments to Control Gray Mold Disease of Apple Fruits During Storage 2025-07-01T03:10:33+00:00 . abc@example.com <p>To manage the gray mold disease on apple fruits, the impact of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) combined with clove essential oil (CEo) was evaluated. With CEo at 1.0%, linear growth and spore germination of B. cinerea were completely suppressed. Formulation of CEo at 2.0% combined with a 10.0% PVA resulted in complete suppression of both linear growth and spore germination of tested fungus. All formulations were treated at zero time and 24 hours following inoculation, the incidence and severity of gray mold disease were dramatically reduced. When applied at zero time after inoculation, CEo at 2.0% combined with PVA at 10.0% resulted in a height reduction that lowered gray mold incidence and severity by 75.0 and 73.0%, respectively. When applied 48 hours after inoculation, none of the formulations had any effect on the gray mold disease. At various coating times prior to inoculation, namely 1.0, 12.0, and&nbsp;<br>24.0 hours, the protective effects of clove essential oil and PVA on apple fruit gray mold disease were investigated. The results showed that, over the course of the testing periods, every formulation considerably lowered the incidence and severity of gray mold disease. In all times, the height reduction was achieved by combining 2.0% CEo with 10.0% PVA, which decreased the incidence and severity<br>of gray mold. However, statistical analysis showed that there were no appreciable variations in the protective effect of 1.0,12.0, and 24 hours against apple fruit gray mold disease. The incidence and severity of gray mold disease were significantly reduced over the 60-day storage period by all formulations, including CEo at 1.0 and 2.0% combined with PVA at 10.0%, when administered as protective treatments. The quality of the fruit was unaffected by any of the earlier formulations.&nbsp;</p> 2025-05-15T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 https://www.curresweb.com/index.php/MEJAS1/article/view/631 Assessment of the Potential Anti-diabetic, Anti-Alzheimer, and Anti-inflammatory activities of Amphora coffeaeformis Extracts, in vitro Study 2025-07-11T10:05:00+00:00 . amalgouda2022@gmail.com <p>Our study aimed to evaluate the in vitro biological efficacy of various extracts of Amphora coffeaeformis against disease-causing enzymes. The key active phytochemicals level (total polyphenolic compounds, total condensed tannins, and total flavonoid content) was quantified in all extracts. Antioxidant activity, as indicated by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and iron reducing power (IRP), was assessed along with the ability to scavenge 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'- azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. The antidiabetic potential was determined by measuring the inhibitory effects of each extract on α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Anti-Alzheimer's activity was evaluated by calculating the inhibition percentage of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Anti-arthritic properties were assessed by measuring the inhibition percentage of protein denaturation and proteinase activity. Additionally, the in vitro antiinflammatory effects were evaluated by measuring the inhibition percentage of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Cytotoxicity was tested against human hepatocellular (HepG-2), colon carcinoma (Caco-2), and lung cancer (A549) cells, and the enzymatic activity of each extract on caspase-3 and Bcl-2 within these cancer cells was quantified. The results showed that the methanolic extract of A. coffeaeformis had the highest concentration of active phytochemicals, followed by acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Consequently, it exhibited the highest<br>antioxidant, scavenging, anti-diabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, supported by increased caspase-3 activity and decreased Bcl-2 levels in the cancer cells studied. The ethyl acetate extract of A. coffeaeformis showed the lowest in vitro biological activities. In summary, the methanolic extract of A. coffeaeformis demonstrated the highest in vitro biological activities, followed by acetone and ethyl acetate extracts.</p> 2025-06-20T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025