Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Gas and Liquid Chromatographic Profiling and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis from Different Countries

Authors

  • Mohamed A. Abdelaleem Plant Research Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo 13759, Egypt
  • Shimaa Moawad Flavor and Aroma Chemistry Department, National Research Cetner, Cairo 12622, Egypt

Keywords:

Propolis, Gamma irradiation, Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction, Antioxidants, DPPH, ABTS

Abstract

This study evaluated the chemical profiles and antioxidant capacities of five propolis samples sourced from Egypt (EG), Yemen (YE), South Korea (SK), China (CH), and Ireland (IR) - in both their native and gamma-irradiated (10 kGy) states. Chemical characterization was performed using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry 
(GC/MS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant potential was assessed via 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH and 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) activity. The irradiated YE sample demonstrated the most potent antioxidant activity, yielding IC50 values of 53.86 μg/mL (DPPH) and 50.55 μg/mL (ABTS). Furthermore, the YE and CH extracts
contained the highest concentrations of gallic acid, recorded at 590.22 μg/g and 666.41 μg/g, respectively.

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Published

30.03.2026

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 01 (2026): JANUARY-MARCH 2026

Section

Articles

License

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.