Matrix Characteristics and Treatment of Ancient Egyptian Pottery at Tell Deir, Damietta, Egypt

Abstract

The research focuses on analytical investigations for identifying the archaeometric aspects, matrix microstructure, damage quantification and the treatment of pottery from Tell Deir, Damietta governorate, Egypt. The Pottery dated back to the Late Period. The used multiple diagnostic investigations are stereomicroscope, polarizing microscope (PLM), scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray unit (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis "XRD". The research clarified that the raw material is Nile Clay. The additives are sand, grog, limestone powder, and burnt straw. The potter’s wheel is forming method in our archaeological site. The surface treatment is the slip layer. The burning process is reducing atmosphere based on high carbon percentage in matrix. The most important damage manifestations are peeling of slip layer, Soiling, cracks, weakness, fragility, soot, and crystallization of salts. The salts and soiling were treated by mechanical and chemical cleaning. Nano aluminum silicate 0.5% used in strengthening the pottery by spraying method. Paraloid B72 adhesive dissolved in toluene 50% used in assembling process. After treatment, the pottery objects are ready for museum display.