Evaluation of Growth and Yield Characters of Some Egyptian Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Cultivars and Their Phytochemical Composition Under Middle Egypt Conditions

Abstract

The present investigations were conducted during the two seasons of 2023 and 2024, to evaluate the vegetative, yield parameters and economic feasibility of eight local Egyptian onion cultivars (Giza 6, Giza 20, Giza 6 oblong, Sabeeni, Giza white, Shandweel 1, Giza red, and Composit 16) as well as, the study was extended to determine the phytochemical composition presented in all studied onion
cultivars. The obtained results there were considerable difference between all various cultivars in almost studied vegetative growth traits. Concerning marketable yield, data showed that the three cultivars Composit 16 (14.51 and 14.47 tons/fed.), Giza 20 (14.12 and 14.41 tons/fed.) and Giza 6 oblong (13.99 and 14.05 tons/fed.) gave the best values of marketable yield as compared to other studied cultivars during both seasons, respectively. The primary conclusions of this investigation indicate that Composit 16 and Giza 20 cultivars provided the highest evaluation of economic values. The quantitative analysis showed that Giza red extract contained the highest concentration of phenolic and flavonoid components (25.88 mg GAE/g and 36.58 mg QE/g, respectively). The highest DPPH scavenging activities are shown by the methanolic extract (80%) of Giza White extract (103.62 μg/ml). Finally from the yield and
economical point view, it could be concluded that among all studied Egyptian onion cultivars the three cultivars (Composit 16, Giza 20 and Giza 6) were the best for cultivation under experimental conditions. As well as, according to phytochemical analyses Giza red cultivar was superior more than all other cultivars.