Assessment of Genetic Diversity Among Some Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) by ISSR Markers

Abstract

One of the products of agriculture, which promotes national development, is the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Over time, the food business sector's needs and demand for peanuts grew. However, the demand for peanuts cannot be met by the existing level of national output, hence imports have significantly increased. Peanuts are a crop that is both locally consumed and exported in Egypt. In order to prevent genetic deterioration in local Egyptian peanut cultivars and to improve their beneficial active components, peanuts are reproduced by breeding some cultivars from other parts of the world. To evaluate its genetic diversity, advanced plant breeding programs rely on morphological, biochemical, cytological, and molecular markers. The genetic diversity of four peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in Egypt—Giza-5, Giza-6, Turky, and Masr-1 was examined in this work using the ISSR molecular marker. According to the data analysis, the ISSR marker can be used to assess the genetic diversity among the four peanut cultivars under investigation because it showed a polymorphism percentage of 55.8% and six distinct band numbers. To sum up, the ISSR approach shows promise in identifying cultivars and assessing strains' genetic purity.