Study The Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilization Resources on The Growth and Productivity of German-Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Plant under Sand Soil Conditions

Abstract

This research was conducted at Sekem farm in the desert back of Minya Governorate, Egypt, during the two consecutive seasons of 2018/2019 and 2019/2020. The work aimed to study the effect of different phosphorus fertilization resources on the growth, yield, and essential oil content of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). The treatments included six phosphorus fertilization resources, like the
following: F1: control 48 kg P2O5 (single super phosphate 16% P2O5), F2: 48 kg P2O5 (phosphoric acid 85% P2O5), F3:48 kg P2O5 (24 kg P2O5 single super phosphate 16% P2O5 + 24 kg P2O5 phosphoric acid 85% P2O5), F4: 48 kg P2O5 (mono ammonium phosphate MAP 12% N:61% P2O5), F5:48 kg P2O5 (24 kg P2O5 single super phosphate 16% P2O5 +24 kg P2O5 mono ammonium phosphate), and F6: 48 kg P2O5 (16 kg P2O5 single super phosphate 16% P2O5 + 16 kg P2O5 phosphoric acid 85% P2O5 +16 kg P2O5 mono ammonium phosphate MAP 12% N:61% P2O5). Results showed that applying 48 kg mono ammonium phosphate (MAP 12% N: 61% P2O5) produced the highest plant growth parameters, oil content, N, P, and K in plant tissues. Also, this treatment increased the concentrations of chamazulene to 41.68 % and bisabolol oxideB to 13.61%. In comparison, as traditional phosphorus fertilizer, superphosphate gave the lowest values in the two tested seasons.