Effect of some climatic factors, natural enemies and Relation with the population of Empoasca discipiens Paoli and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on Calendula officinalis L. plant under climate changes

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of some climatic factors, natural enemies and their relation to the population density of Empoasca discipiens Paoli and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on Calendula officinalis L. and its associated predators. The field experiments were conducted at Qaha city, Qalyubiya Governorate, during the winter 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 seasons. The E. discipiens recorded three peaks, the first peak of E. discipiens was on fourth week of November with decrease climatic factors during these two seasons. The second peak of E. discipiens population was on second week of January with very decrease climatic factors for these two seasons. Finely, the third peak of E. discipiens population on first week of April for 2021-2022 season, but, it the third peak of E. discipiens population on third week of March for 2022-2023 season, with suitable climatic factors. On the other side, the population of L. trifolii increased gradually to reached the highest population two peaks as follows: The first peak was on fourth week of November for 2021-2022 season, but, it was different the first peak of L. trifolii population on third week of November for 2022-2023 season, with decrease the climatic factors. Then the L. trifolii population recorded the second peak on third week of February during 2021-2022 season, but it recorded the second peak of L. trifolii population was on first week of March during 2022-2023, with very decrease climatic factors. The natural enemies were recorded in this study of Coccinella undecimpunctata, Coccinella sptemunctata, Chrysoperla carnea, and Syrphus corolla and record two peaks during 2021-2022and2022-2023 seasons. Also, parasite of Diglyphus isaea record two peaks for 2021-2022and2022-2023 seasons. Also, showed result the plant ages, natural enemies, temperature, R.H.% and wind had different effects (significant or unsignificant) on E. discipiens and L. trifolii on Calendula officinalis L. plant.