The Musculoskeletal Manifestation Among Patients with Different Thyroid Diseases and The Role of Thyroid Hormones on Musculoskeletal System

Abstract

Thyroid disease is a leading public health problem that has increased globally over the past decades. Thyroid diseases have been observed in more than 100 countries and affecting approximately 1.6 billion populations worldwide. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are very common in thyroid disease patients and TH stimulates both protein synthesis and degradation. An alteration in TH levels
is often responsible for a specific myopathy and the deposition of mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid in articular and periarticular structures Various knee musculoskeletal ultrasound findings, osteophytes, enthesophytes, synovitis, cortical erosion, enthesitis, joint effusion. Thyroid dysfunction patients with associated risk factors such as aging female gender and hyperuricemia are at a greater risk of musculoskeletal disorders.