Risk Factors Associated with Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Abstract

Background: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) could be a serious outcome complicating primary percutaneous coronary intervention for STEMI patients affecting both morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of CIN and evaluate risk factors that predispose and increase incidence of CIN to determine risky individuals before primary PCI to put potential preemptive
strategies to minimize the CIN. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted at the department of cardiovascular medicine, Tanta University hospital at the period between June 2021 to December 2021. Prospectively carried out on 100 patients diagnosed definitively with STEMI and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention to assess risk factors of contrast induced nephropathy
after the procedure. Results: In the present study we found that old age, diabetes mellitus, ischemic cardiomyopathy, ischemic stroke, increased random blood sugar at admission and increase amount of contrast during the procedure have statistically significant relation with developing CIN on the other hand smoking, gender, dyslipidemia, infarcted artery, TIMI flow post procedure have no statistically significant relation with the risk of developing CIN. Conclusion: CIN after primary PCI is a common complication, and patients with older age, diabetes mellitus, previous ischemic cardiomyopathy (heart failure), previous ischemic stroke, hyperglycemia at admission are at increased risk of development of CIN. Also an increased amount of contrast during PCI procedure significantly increase the risk of post-procedure CIN.