Oct-Dec, 2021
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using ASTER Remote Sensing Data Set for Geological Mapping around Wadi Umm
Ashira and Wadi Tilal Al-Qulieb, Northwestern Part of Wadi Allaqi, South Eastern
Desert, Egypt
Nehal M.A. Soliman, Hatem M. El-Desoky, Mohamed A. Heikal and Ahmed
M.Abdel-Rahman
ABSTRACT:
This study is an attempt to apply ASTER (VNIR & SWIR) data and fieldwork to identifying
variations in rock units and structural elements. The study area is located in the northwestern segment
of the Wadi Allaqi, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. Color Ratio Composites, band math, false color
composites and principal component analysis techniques are used to refine the different ithologic
units in the area. These methods showed the discrimination of different types of metamorphic and
igneous rocks as well as dykes. The False color band combinations (b4, b5, b3) in RGB, Color Ratio
Composites (4/1, 6/2, 8/2) and (4/7, 3/4, 2/1 respectively) for RGB are showing a good composite
which separated between the different rock types in the study area especially, serpentinites, talc
carbonate and marble. The Principal Component Analysis technique of ASTER (PC3, PC1, PC4 in
RGB respectively), (PC2, PC3, PC1 in RGB respectively) and (PC4, PC2, PC1 in RGB respectively)
enhances the main structural trends affecting the area under investigation. These images are
considered good for lithologic and structural edge enhancements for both visual interpretation and
field mapping. FCC image 4, 5, 3 in RGB is showing a large open fold as well as the major left-strike
slip fault and restraining (augen) shape as a result of being affected by the Allaqi Heiani shear zone.
The axial plane of an anticlinal fold-oriented NW-SE and is plunging with a moderate angle to
the SE. The major strike- slip fault is wadi Um Arka sinistral fault that runs subparallel to Um Ashira
major fault that led to lateral movement of metasediment and the marble bands horizontal
displacements of about 100 m to 747 m. Restraining bend structure (sigmoidal=augen shape) formed
a result of a sinistral fault. The final map according to field study and remote sensing methodology
showing the lithological composition and structure localities.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 485-504 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.42
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparing the Effect of Pouring Time and Disinfection Protocols using Autoclave
and Ozone on Dimensional Stability of Polyvinyl Impression Material: In vitro study
Zeinab S. Al Shamy, Ahmed Hassanien, Rana Sherif and Basma Mostafa
ABSTRACT:
Background: Infection control in dental offices and laboratories is an essential concern due to the
high risk of cross infection with diseases. The aim of this study is to assess and compare the effect of
autoclave and ozone disinfection protocols on the dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane (VPS)
impression material after immediate and delayed pouring. Standardized stainless steel master model
was fabricated to simulate a fixed partial prosthesis with one pontic and two crowns at the posterior
area. Special trays were also constructed to formulate the impressions. 66 impressions were taken and
divided into 3 equal groups. Group A (GA): (n=22) impressions which were disinfected using steam
autoclave, Group B (GB): (n=22) impressions which were disinfected by ozonated water and Group C
(GC): (n=22) impressions which were considered the control group with no disinfection procedures.
Each group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups n=11, subgroup (I) in which the
impressions were immediately poured and the subgroup (II) in which the impressions were poured
after 24 hours (delayed pouring). All impressions were poured with type IV extra hard dental stone.
Different dimensions were measured on the casts. Results: there was a statistically significant
difference in mean values between (GC and GB), and (GC and GA) while there was a high statistically
significant difference in the mean values between (GB and GA). Ozone and autoclave are considered
as effective disinfection methods not adversely affecting the impressions' dimensional stability if the
impression was poured immediately in case of ozone disinfection or delayed after 24 hours in case of
using autoclave. Conclusion: VPS impression materials are dimensionally stable and produce accurate
impressions with minimal distortion with the ability to retain these properties even after the
disinfection procedures either with autoclaving or ozone disinfection with no effect on its dimensional
stability.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 505-515 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.43
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influence of Using Date Pits and Stevia Leaves Powder on Rats Suffering from
Diabetic
Mona S. Halaby and Mena M. Hanna
ABSTRACT:
The present work was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding diabetic rats on different levels of
Date pits powder (DPP) and Stevia leaves powder (SLP) on the chemical constituents, the nutritional
value and blood parameters in experimental rats through biological evaluation. Thirty five male albino
rats were divided into five groups (7 rats of each) and fed on diets for 8 weeks. The first group was
fed on basal diet as a (negative control group). The second group was injected with alloxan to induce
hyperglycemia (positive control group) then feed on basal diet. The other three groups after being
injected with alloxan were received basal diets fortified with (5% Date pits powder + 0.7% Stevia or
10% Date pits powder + 0.7% Stevia and 15% Date pits powder + 0.7% Stevia) respectively. At the
end of the experimental period rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected from the aorta hen
separate serum to determine glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol and other lipid, and also to
determine each of liver and kidney functions. Our results showed significant reduction in the glucose,
HbA1c, TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C, as well as reducing hazards on liver and kidney functions
compared with positive control group. So SLP and DPP fortified diet is recommended to gain healthy
benefit to decrease the risk of diabetic disease.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 516-527 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.44
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluation of Stream Sediments in Wadi Abu Furad Area, Central Eastern Desert,
Egypt
Hani Hasan Ali
ABSTRACT:
Abu Furad area lies in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt, shows a significant widespread
Precambrian outcrops including metasediments, metavolcanics, metagabbros, quartz diorite,
tonalite, granodiorite and syenogranite. The stream sediments of the Wadi constitute valuable
minerals categorized as radioactive minerals (uranothorite), radioactive-bearing minerals (monazite,
allanite and zircon) and non-radioactive minerals (magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, leucoxene, titanite,
garnet, rutile, and molybdenite) as well as green silicates. The tonnage of total economic minerals in
the studied area is about 313800 ton, which is distributed as follows: about 61800 ton magnetite,
about 15000 ton hematite, about 25200 ton ilmenite, about 17400 ton leucoxene, about 4800 ton
garnet, about 10200 ton rutile, about 8400 ton titanite, about 18000 ton zircon, about 600 ton
monazite and about 152400 ton green silicates. Mineralogical investigation integrated with statics of
minerals separated from Wadi Abu Furad stream sediments show economic potentiality of these
minerals which might be suitable for future exploitation. Applying typologic classification and
corresponding geothermometer on the examined zircons suggest granitic origin varying from calcalkaline
series granites (Older granitoids) to sub-alkaline series granites (Younger granites and/or
felsic dykes). While the plotting on the plutonic distribution diagram is mostly matching the
monzonites, granodiorites, and monzogranites origin imprint. Significantly, the estimated results
coincide with the main granitic exposures encountered in the study area.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 528-542 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.45
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assessment of Nutritional Status in Egyptian Patients with Parkinson’s disease
Ola M. Elbeshlawy, Thanaa A. Elkholy and Shaimaa S. Mohammed
ABSTRACT:
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after
Alzheimer's disease. It mainly affects the elderly and is characterized by a loss of dopaminergic
neurons in the brain cells, which leads to an imbalance between the excitation and inhibition pathways
of the basal ganglia, which leads to impairment in voluntary movement control. Nutrition plays an
important role in the management of chronic diseases, including PD. Aim of study: We aim to
describe the nutritional status of PD patients. Low nutritional status is useful in early detection of
Parkinson's disease. We also try to determine the nutritional factors associated with a significant
deterioration in the clinical features of Parkinson's disease, and to what extent these symptoms were a
risk factor for malnutrition and the development of nutritional intervention. Patients and Methods:
This study was conducted on 70 patients with PD of both sexes. They were recruited from the
Neurology Department at Cairo University Hospital. We used anthropometric measurements and the
Socioeconomic Status Scale for Health Research in Egypt, the Mini Nutritional Assessment-
Questionnaire (MNA), the 24-h recall questionnaire, the food frequency papers, the Hoehn and Yahr
(HY) scale, the serum albumin level, and the impaired swallowing index. (DHI) as a valid and reliable
tool to describe the clinical and nutritional status of patients, then Pearson's correlation was used to
linearly determine the extent to which the variables were correlated. Results: Our Results revealed
that 71.4% of participants were males and 28.6% of them were females, with mean age (61.8±9.94)
years, 78.5% of them had a very low socioeconomic status, 57.2% of them had a very low educational
level, 98.6% of them don't use special tools to help them to eat, mean of (MNA)- score was
(10.23±1.53) which means that our patients were at a risk of malnutrition which was associated with
increasing duration of illness, 65.7% of them had a moderate loss of appetite, 20% of them lose 2-3 kg
of their weight during the last 3 months, about 84.3% of them had constipation, 44.3% of them had
slight swallowing difficulty, Also, all symptoms appear in the majority of patients, and tremors were
more prevalent among the participants by 97.1%, and the majority of participants were in the second
stage of the disease according to the Hohen-Yahr scale. Serum Albumin Level was at normal range
(4.41±0.50). There were a positive correlation between increased energy consumption and increase
the mobility deterioration which associated with PD, and a negative correlation between decreased the
mean daily intake of protein, fat, fiber, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium,
zinc, copper, vitamin-C, thiamin, riboflavin and decreased of Hoehn and Yahr scale- score.
Conclusion: decreased nutrients intakes, unhealthy eating habits, socioeconomic status in PD-patients
are associated with increased mobility deterioration and the risk of malnutrition.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 543-555 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.46
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization Rates on Vegetative Growth and
Cladodes Nutrients Content of Cactus Pear
Amro S. M. Salama, Sahar A. Farid and Osama H.M. El Gammal
ABSTRACT:
This study was conducted during two consecutive seasons of 2018 and 2019 at cactus pear orchard
located on Abu Ghaleb area, "Cairo-Alexandria desert" road about 50km from Cairo, Egypt. The
effects of nitrogen fertilization rate i.e. 120, 140 and 160g/plant/year and potassium fertilization rates
i.e. 100, 120 and 140g/plant/year as well as their interactions on vegetative growth and cladodes
nutrients content of El-shamia cactus pear plants were studied. Fertilization with nitrogen and
potassium as well as their interaction improved plant height, plant canopy volume, number of
cladodes per plant, cladode length, cladode width, cladode area and content of N, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn,
Cu and B of cladodes.While, nitrogen rates had no significant effect on cladodes K content in first
season and nitrogen at 160 and or 140 gave similar and high values of cladodes Fe content in both
seasons. Moreover, potassium rates had no significant effect on cladodes K content in first season and
cladodes Zn content in both seasons. The interaction between nitrogen at 160g/plant combined with
potassium at 140g/plant proved to be the most efficient treatment in enhancing growth, nutrients
content of cladodes and fruit yield of El-shamia cactus pear plants.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 556-568 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.47
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among students of the Higher
Institute of Technical Sciences, Msallata, Libya
Abu baker H. Abduelrhman
ABSTRACT:
Objective: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection among undergraduate students
at Higher Institute of Science and Technology, Msallata. Methods: A total of 150 serum samples
were collected from students of the Higher Institute of Science and Technology in Msallata, with 100
L of each sterile serum transferred to a sample of H. pylori antigens kit (H. pylori Antigen Kit-
Clinotech, USA). After 10 minutes, two distinct red lines in the group's control and test regions
indicate a positive reaction. The isolated H.pylori from clinical blood was identified according to their
morphological, cultural characteristics and consumption of broth manual some biochemical tests and
confirmed by VITIK2 system. Results: A total of 63 (42.66%) of the 150 students tested positive for
the virus. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found to be related to age in a study of H. pylori
seroprevalence. Infection rates were 45.5 percent among students aged 18-20, 85.7 percent among
adults aged 31-40, 66.7 percent among those aged 41-50, and 28.6 percent among those aged 51 and
up. Gender, age, and type of infection (symptomatic or asymptomatic seropositive infection) (P˂0.05)
all showed statistically significant differences (using Chi-square). The Biochemical characteristics of
H. pylori was confirmed with excellent probability 99% after full Biochemical identification by
VITIK2 system as well as the susceptibility information. Conclusions: This microorganism should be
recognized as a possible cause of illness in children by community health personnel. Furthermore, the
mode of transmission and possible methods of controlling the bacterial infection among students or in
a community are public health concerns that need to be investigated further.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 569-574 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Habits on Seizure Control between
People with Epilepsy
Arwa M. El-Ashry, Thanaa A. El-Kholy, Asmaa M. Ebraheim, and Samah A. El-
Hashash
ABSTRACT:
Background: All over the world, increasing interest was directed to epilepsy as one of the most
prevalent neurological chronic diseases. Socioeconomic status (SES) and dietary habits play a pivotal
role in epilepsy prevalence and management. Aim of study was to highlight the relationship between
SES and dietary habits of patients with epilepsy and its frequency and/or control. Methods: Acrosssectional
descriptive study involved 123 patients recruited by convenience from the Epilepsy Clinic of
the Neurology Department at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt. The sample consisted
of patients of both genders (80 males and 43 females) aged ≥ 18 years, who had been diagnosed with
epilepsy for at least one year. The studied variables included socio-demographic characteristics and
dietary habits. Results: Results shows that two thirds of all patients (65%) were male. Patients were
aged between 18 and 65 years (mean: 30.3, SD: 10.45) and revealed statistically significant
differences between subjects with controlled and uncontrolled epilepsy in both education which
(65%) They had secondary education or above in the control group and total socioeconomic levels
where more than half of them (57.8%) were low socioeconomic levels in uncontrol group. As for
dietary habits shows revealed statistically significant differences between subjects with controlled and
uncontrolled epilepsy in Presence of unhealthy food at home (95%) in uncontrol group and Appetite
(30%) good appetite in control group (P-values = 0.007 and 0.043 respectively), and a reverse
statistically significant correlation was found between the frequency of seizures and appetite,
frequency of salad eating and a number of glasses of water/day (P-values = 0.001,=0.001 and 0.002
respectively) . In contrast, frequency of seizure attacks was positively correlated with eating unhealthy
food, frequency of fast food eating and consumption of sugar (P-values = 0.001) for all. According to
these findings, increasing socioeconomic status level and dietary behavior modification are
recommended in order to improve the health status of hospitalized patients with epilepsy.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 575-584 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.49
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates on yield, fruit quality, net profit
and investment ratio of El-shamia cactus pear
Amro S.M. Salama, Sahar A. Farid and Osama H.M. El Gammal
ABSTRACT:
A field experiment study was carried out during two successive seasons during 2018 and 2019 in Elshamia
cactus pear orchard about eight years old grown in sandy soil under drip irrigation system
from well at Abu Ghaleb area, "Cairo-Alexandria desert" road about 50km from Cairo, Egypt. The
study was a factorial experiment with two factors i.e. the first factor consisted of 3 rates of nitrogen
(120, 140 and 160g/plant/year) and the second one involved 3 rates of potassium (100, 120 and 140
g/plant/year) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replicates for each treatment
and each replicate was represented by one plant. Obtained results showed that nitrogen fertilization
rates and potassium fertilization rates and their interactions improved yield and fruit quality traits. Obtained results indicate that nitrogen and potassium fertilization rates and their combinations had no
effect on juice volume per fruit. Generally, nitrogen fertilizer at 160g/plant combined with potassium
at 140g /plant proved to be the most efficient treatment in enhancing the previously mentioned studied
traits. However, nitrogen fertilization rates and potassium fertilization rates as well as their
combination had a significant effect on net profit and investment ratio. Shortly, 160g/plant combined
with potassium at 140g/plant attained the highest value of total revenue per feddan, net profit per
feddan and investment ratio. Besides, this treatment is raising the net income farmer under this
condition
[ FULL TEXT PDF 585-598 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ionic Ratios as Tracers to Assess Seawater Intrusion and To Identify Salinity
Sources in Ras Sudr Coastal Aquifer, South West Sinai, Egypt
Reda G.M. Ibrahim, Mohamed E.A. Ali, Yasmeen M. Abdel Satar, Magdy Sabaa
and Hend Ezzat
ABSTRACT:
Ras Sudr area located at the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez, southwest of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt
where groundwater is exploited mainly from the Quaternary aquifer. The matrix of this aquifer is
composed of alluvium deposits made up of gravel intercalated with clay and calcareous sandstone.
The groundwater of the Quaternary aquifer is mainly brackish to saline (TDS= 2038 to 24383 mg/l)
and this aquifer is recharged mainly from rainfall and surface runoff due to the occasional flash
floods. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the main hydrogeochemical factors (especially
the seawater intrusion) which affect the groundwater quality by the integration between the
hydrogeochemical tools and multivariate statistical analysis. The current study proves that ionic ratios
are important tools in the assessment of the seawater intrusion process. The cluster analysis shows
that the wells included in cluster (CI) and cluster (CII) which located north of the mapped area are
strongly affected by seawater intrusion. Wells of cluster (CIII) at the middle part of the study area
(Wadi Sudr and its northern extension) are moderately affected by seawater intrusion, while wells of
this cluster at the southern part (i.e., Wadi Wardan) are less affected by this process. The results of
seawater fractions match well with the cluster analysis since the seawater fraction percents are high,
medium and low at the northern, middle and southern parts of the study area, respectively. The other
processes affecting groundwater quality of the Quaternary aquifer include ion exchange and waterrock
interactions. The integration between the conventional geochemical and multivariate statistical
tools in this study can applied for similar coastal aquifers worldwide.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 599-622 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.51
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sitagliptin ameliorates the insulin sensitivity in Skeletal Muscles of Metabolic
Syndrome Rat Model
Yossra Ahmed, Mona A. Mohamed, Laila A. Rashed and Zeinab Y. Ali
ABSTRACT:
This study aims to test the hypothesis that sitagliptin can effectively ameliorate the insulin sensitivity
in the skeletal muscles of metabolic syndrome rat model. Rats were fed either standard diet (Control
group) or high fat diet (HFD) and 20% fructose (w/v) in the drinking water (HFFD). After 12 weeks,
a group of HFFD animals received a daily oral dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. of sitagliptin for another 4
weeks. Sitagliptin improved the hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity of the
skeletal muscle. Also improved the protein levels of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter 4
(GLUT4).
[ FULL TEXT PDF 623-626 ] 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.52
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sedimentological and Geochemical Studies on the Phosphorite Rocks (Campanian
Duwi Formation) in Wadi El-Shaghab, El-Sibaiya East Area, Nile Valley, Egypt
Mohamed A. Khalifa, Ibrahim H. Zidan and Zakaria M. Abdelhakim
ABSTRACT:
Phosphorite deposits of the late Cretaceous (Campanian) age belonging to Duwi Formation. This
Formation can be classified into lower phosphorite, middle shale and upper phosphorite members.
The lower phosphorite member of the Duwi Formation, in Wadi El-Shaghab, El-Sibaiya east area,
Nile Valley, is important rock unit for its relatively high enrichment of P2O5 content and U content.
Lithostratigraphically, three lithostratigraphic sections (El-Shaghab, Um-Tundab and Um-Hagara) of
Wadi El-Shaghab area were studied to know the geological setting. The lower phosphorite member of
Duwi Formation is classified from base to top as A-B and C beds. Petrographically, the petrographic
characteristics in six samples are determined using Polarizing Microscopy. The studied phosphatic
grains are composed of phosphatic particles (Peloids, Bioclasts and Coprolites) and non -phosphatic
particles (cementing materials). Phosphorites formed under shallow marine environment by the
influence of upwelling under an oxic continental shelf environment during a subsequent transgression,
forming the phosphorite of the lower member. Mineralogically, the unknown minerals were examined
in eight samples. The main mineralogical composition of the investigated bulk samples has been
determined using the X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The mineral constitutes of the studied
phosphorites are composed mainly of apatite (francolite and hydroxyl apatite); while the nonphosphatic
minerals are composed of calcite, quartz and iron oxides. Geochemically, thirty phosphatic
samples were collected and analysis to know the distribution of the major and trace elements in the
rocks. Rare Earth Elements and Radioactivity (Uranium, Radium and thorium contents) in all samples
were determined by multi-channel analyzer gamma ray spectrometer. Uranium content in all samples
was calorimetrically determined using LABOMED spectrophotometer using Arenaso III method. The
studied phosphorites in Wadi El-Shaghab area have high P2O5 and Uc contents. Generally, could
suitable for mining operation and provide economic value for production of phosphatic fertilizers,
phosphoric acid and extracted of U as by-product.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 627-643 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.53
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Molecular Characterization of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus and its Influence on
Sugarcane Yield and Juice Quality
Hala A. Amin, Mohamed A.M. Osman and Samah A. Mokbel
ABSTRACT:
In 2018, mosaic symptoms were observed on sugarcane plantations of the commercial variety G.T.
54-9 that grown at Qena governorate, Egypt. The initial serological diagnosis confirmed that the
Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) was the causative agent of mosaic disease on sugarcane. Mosaic
correlation with the altered photosynthetic activity caused a significant reduction for chlorophyll
content by 56%, and 40% through the tested experimental seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020,
respectively. The decrease in chlorophyll content led to a reduction in various growth parameters in
sugarcane variety G.T. 54-9, such as stalk length and diameter, the number of internodes per plant,
cane yield, and cane stalk juice quality through both experimental seasons. Concerning the reducing
sugars (Rs), the concentration increased in infected sugarcane plants with SCMV in both tested
seasons by 9.7% and 4.7%, respectively. Leaves from Sugarcane plants tested positive in a reverse
transcription-PCR using SCMV-specific primers for coat protein gene. All tested plants are from
vegetative cuttings of the original infected plant which show mosaic symptoms with different
severity. All samples showed an expected band at about 900 bp. The PCR amplicon of the CP gene
was analyzed by nucleotide sequence analysis. The coat protein sequence comparison revealed that
the current SCMV isolate (HaF isolate) shared the highest nucleotide identity (97.9-100%) with the
Egyptian isolate EGY7-1 and with all Iranian GenBank reference isolates. The phylogenetic analysis
showed that the HaF isolate grouped in a clade with the EGY7-1 and KhuzM isolates and it closely
related to KhuzM isolate from Iran. The coat protein core region (CP-CR) of the Egyptian SCMV
(HaF) isolate shared 98% sequence homology with SCMV-E serotype strain from the USA and the
current HaF Egyptian isolate contains a conserved DAG motif in its N-terminal region in CP sequence
which is associated with aphid transmissibility. An SCMV-infected Sugarcane crop could pose a
threat to established crops of Sorghum, Maize, and many susceptible sugarcane varieties in Upper
Egypt since the virus can spread non-persistently by aphid species as well as by planting infected cane
cuttings.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 644-657 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.54
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assessment of Some Trace Elements Levels and Their Relation to Land Uses by
Multivariate Analysis and GIS - Burg El Arab – Egypt
Doaa Eissa and Taher M. H. Yossif
ABSTRACT:
In the present study, the environmental quality evaluation of Burg El Arab district of Alex
Governorate has been done by assessment of some trace elements levels, such as Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca,
Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, V and Zn in soils and plants. Some trace metal risk
indices, such as the Top Enrichment Factor (TEF), the Enrichment Factor (EF), geoaccumulation
Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF), and Soil Pollution Index (SPI) have been estimated. The
results reveal that the mean values of TEF for studied metals are more than 1, except for the Al, B and
Mn. The maximum values of the EF were observed with Cd and Pb, respectively, compared with the
other associated elements. The mean values of Igeo for elements remained in class "0", except for the
Cd. So, the studied area is considered within the uncontaminated category. The mean of all CF values
was less than 1, except that for Cd that was 11.74. So, CF for Cd indicated very high degree of
contamination. The mean value of SPI for some elements concentrations was less than 1, except that
for Sr was 1.52. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis method) and GIS techniques
were applied to identify the sources of some elements and to analyze the relationships between
elements contents and soil properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified the elements into
six groups, in terms of the human influence (different land uses) and calcareous sediments (lithogenic
origins) and interaction between them. The concentrations of Pb in different plant species were
investigated according to the bioaccumulation (BAC). The highest BAC (7.95) occurred in Maize and
the lowest one (0.04) occurred in Pepper.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 658-675 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.55
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Whole Exome Sequencing, a Case of Autosomal Recessive Spastic Paraplegia
50 caused by a splicing mutation in AP4M1 gene
Rabab Khairat, Engy A. Ashaat, Nirvana S. AbdelHakim, Mona O. El Ruby and
Samira Ismail
ABSTRACT:
Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative
disorders. AP-4 HSPs is an early onset progressive group of HSPs and caused by pathogenic
mutations in encoding genes of AP-4 complex. It is characterized by a number of clinical features like
seizers, microcephly, impaired global development and intellectual disability. Patients and methods:
In the current study, we report two sibs Egyptian female infants who were born to consanguineous
first cousin parents, presented with severe motor and mental developmental delay. By clinical
examination they were microcephalic, with speech delay, and they couldn't walk unsupported. By
neurological examination they showed hypertonia and hyper-reflexia of deep tendon reflexes.
Précised diagnosis is of utmost important because of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counceling.
Therefore Whole exome sequencing (WES) was mandatory in such case. WES was done for the older
female and followed by variants confirmation in both sibs. Parental segregation was done using
Sanger sequencing to evaluate the phase of the detected variants. Results: WES revealed homozygous
splicing mutation in AP4M1 gene (NM_004722.3:c.607-2A>G). Biallelic AP4M1 variant is the main
cause for Spastic paraplegia 50. Segregation study and clinical presentation suggest the variant in
AP4M1 gene as the causing disease variant. Conclusion: Molecular studying of two sibs suggested
the diagnosis of rare form of HSPs (SPG50) with sever motor and mental which was confirmed by
segregation study.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 676-682 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.56
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Kinetics investigation of uranium sorption from alkaline solutions of Calcareous
Shale, Um Bogma formation, G. Allouga, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt by Lewatit
resin in batch system
M. Demerdash
ABSTRACT:
Experimental and theoretical studies of the sorption kinetics of uranium carbonate anion from its
alkaline solution obtained from um Bogma dissolute liquor on the strong base anion exchange Lewatit
Mono Plus M500 (LMP) sorbent was achieved using batch technique. The experimental results using
the latter technique were fitted well with pseudo second-order kinetics model. The dependence of the
sorption kinetic parameters on the temperature of the solution has been investigated. The pH of
solution and agitation speed have dramatic effects on the uptake of uranium carbonate anion by LMP.
It was found that pH range from 8.5–9.5 and agitation speed of 300 rpm. The proper conditions for
uranium carbonate anion sorption at the present experimental. The fit of experimental data with the
homogeneous diffusion model (HDM) equations demonstrated the possibility of using this model for
adequate description of the uranium sorption kinetics on the LMP sorbent. Two stages of adsorption
with different controlling processes were proposed. Liquid film diffusion controls the process at the
early stage of the adsorption followed by matrix diffusion which controls the process in the final
stage. Two different equations were used to express each stage.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 683-694 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.57
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The impact of feeding practices, nutritional and socioeconomic status on caries
experience in a group of Egyptian children
Rabab M. Abd Elhakam, Mohammed Abou el Yazid, Nayera E. Hassan, Nancy A.
Fakhry and Tamer M. Abd Elwahab
ABSTRACT:
Background: Feeding habits, particularly during the first year of life, involve numbers of
simultaneous and interrelated behaviors, such as breastfeeding, bottle-feeding and the introduction of
complementary food. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund
recommend that mothers should breastfeed babies exclusively for the first 6 months and then continue
breastfeeding along with other weaning foods for up to 2 years or later. Dental caries is an infectious,
transmissible, bacterial disease affecting children and adults of all races, ethnicities and socioeconomic
levels. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cairo, Egypt. A total 670 Child
were examined, they aged from 1 to 4 years. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of
feeding practices on caries experience. Feeding practice data were collected from them through a
face-to-face interview. Dental examination was done using the dmft index according to the WHO
criteria. Nutritional assessment was performed by recording patient’s anthropometric measures
(weight and height). Socioeconomic status assessment was performed using SES index that was
designed for evaluation of the social status of families, to be used in health research in Egypt.
Results: 83.6 % of the children were caries free; 64.3 % were breastfed, 13.6% were bottle fed and
22.1% were on combination. While 16.4% experienced caries; 58.9% were breastfed, 30.7 % were on
combination and 10.2% were bottle fed. A weak positive significant correlation between dmft & age
(r= 0.31). A weak negative significant correlation between dmft & nutritional status (R= -0.16).
83.6% of the children were caries free; 49.7% were high SES, 41.7% were medium SES and 8.5%
were low SES. 16.4% of the children were experiencing caries; 64% were high SES, 28% were
medium SES and 7.6% were low SES. Conclusion: Our study found out that Breast-fed children had
experienced caries more than bottle-fed ones. There were a significant association between being
breastfed for > 12 or 24 months and dental caries. The higher the socioeconomic status of a child, the
more caries experience. Increased feeding frequency (feeding on need) may increase the risk of dental
caries.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 695-704 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.58
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feeding Practices, Nutritional and Socioeconomic Status Impact on Caries
Experience among Group of Sudanese Children
Rabab M. Abd Elhakam, Mohammed Abou el Yazid, Nayera E. Hassan, Nancy A.
Fakhry and Tamer M. Abd Elwahab
ABSTRACT:
Background: According to the WHO, "breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants
with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Exclusive breastfeeding is
recommended up to 6 months of age, with continued breastfeeding along with appropriate
complementary foods up to two years of age or beyond". However, several studies have reported
prolonged and unrestricted breastfeeding as a potential risk factor for primary tooth caries.
Understa nding the role that breast feeding and bottle-feeding play in the development of dental
caries during childhood is essential in helping dentists and parents and care providers prevent the
disease, and also for the development of effective public health policies. However, the issue is not yet
fully understood. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Sudanese nurseries and
schools in Cairo, Egypt. A total 320 Child were examined, they aged from 1 to 4 years. The aim of
this study is to investigate the impact of feeding practices, nutritional status and socioeconomic status
on caries experience. Feeding practice data were collected from them through a face-to-face
interview. Dental examination was done using the dmft index according to the WHO criteria.
Nutritional assessment was assessed by recording patient’s anthropometric measures (weight and
height). Socioeconomic status assessment was done using Fahmy modified index that was designed
for evaluation of the social status of families, to be used in health research in Egypt. Results:
Breastfed children had experienced caries more than bottle fed ones. 91.8% of the children who
experienced caries were fed on need (irregular feeding). A moderate positive significant correlation
was found between dmft and age(r= 0.41); the older the child the more caries occurrence. We found
out a weak negative significant correlation between dmft & nutritional status (r= -0.28), a weak
positive significant correlation between dmft & socioeconomic status (r=0.31) as most of the children
who experienced caries were high and medium SES. Conclusion: breastfed children experienced
caries more than other feeding practices. Children who experienced caries were weaned at age of 2
years. The higher the socioeconomic status of a child, the more caries experience. Increased frequency
of feeding practice may increase the risk of dental caries.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 705-714 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.59
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Characterization of the Metamorphosed Rocks in the Moqah Area, SW Yemen.
Field Observations and Petrographic Investigations
Abdul-Hamid Malek and Abdul-Aleam Ahmed Al-Qadhi
ABSTRACT:
In the present study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the metamorphosed rocks and their
characteristics in the Moqah area, Taiz region of Yemen, based on the field observations and
petrographic investigation. The metamorphosed rocks constitute a part of Southwestern Block (SWB)
with clearly developed NNE-SSW trending foliation, dipping due SE and NW at low to moderate
angles. These rocks are divided into two main groups viz, gneisses and migmatites. The gneisses
group is also subdivided into five units: biotite gneisses, hornblende biotite gneisses,
quartzofeldspathic gneisses, amphibolites and calc silicate gneisses. Different types of migmatites
were distinguished in terms of their migmatite structures including stromatic, phlebitic, schollen,
agmatitic and ptygmatic migmatites. The gneisses and migmatites groups are originated from
sedimentary and igneous protoliths. These groups contain prograde metamorphic minerals such as
quartz, plagioclase, biotite (bt1), K-feldspar, garnet, sillimanite and hornblende and also display
retrograde metamorphic minerals like cordierite, biotite (bt2) muscovite, epidote and chlorite. The
prograde metamorphic minerals indicate a peak metamorphism of upper amphibolite to granulite
facies conditions while after peak metamorphism minerals and reactions indicate down retrograde into
lower amphibolite and greenschist facies.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 715-728 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparative study of anatomical characteristics and chemical composition of
essential oils of Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. grown under different environmental
conditions
Taghried M. El-Lamey, Elsayed A. Elmeleigy and Abd El - Monem A. El-Henawy
ABSTRACT:
Environmental conditions are known to cause many physiological and biochemical changes in plant.
This study aimed to investigate the variations in the anatomical features, phytohormones and volatile
components, obtained by headspace gas of the aerial parts of Deverra tortuosa under the influence of
different environmental conditions. The extracted phytohormones were analyzed by HPLC and the
essential oils of plant samples were analyzed by using headspace gas chromatography–mass
spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentration of growth promoting hormones, gibberellic, indole acetic
acid and zeatin reached the maximum values of (6.75, 2.57 and 3.13 μg/g, respectively) in Sidi
Barrani sample. The data of headspace GC-MS analysis indicated that the chemical composition of
the essential oils of Deverra tortuosa grown in different geographic locations has shown a wide
variation in the main constituents and the percentage of the major component, sabinene. Its
percentages were 59.22, 52.73 and 80.44 % in Sidi Barrani, El-Alamein and Al-Arish samples,
respectively. The volatile oils of Sidi Barrani ecotype contained remarkable compounds, these
compounds were hexane, 2, 4-dimethyl-, perilla alcohol and camphenol. Moreover, monoterpenes
such as l-limonene and cis-sabinene hydrate were detected only in Al-Arish ecotype sample. Whereas
El-Alamein ecotype was characterized by the presence of other 13 monoterpene compounds in fairly
good amount. The presence of high concentration of phytotoxic monoterpene, α-pinene (28.88%), β-
myrcene (9.49%) and o-cymene (7.13%) in the oil sample of Sidi Barrani, Al-Arish and El-Alamein,
respectively, might be an adaptive response to the low level of soil nutrients to decrease the
competition by other plants for soil nutrients. The results of the principal component analysis (PCA)
with environmental data indicated a strong relationship among the concentrations of photosynthetic
pigments, phytohormones, as well as the main constituents of the essential oils of three ecotypes of
Deverra tortuosa and their geographical origin. The results of this study provided preliminary
evidence of the presence of three chemotypes of Deverra tortuosa and clarified how far the
environmental conditions could affect the anatomical feature and chemical composition of D. tortuosa
and the quality of its essential oils.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 729-749 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.61
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suppressing Metastasis of MCF-7and PC3 Human Cell Line Carcinoma Compared
with BJ1 Normal Cell by Irradiated Essential Oils
Sherif S. Saleh, Salwa M. El-Hallouty and Nahed S.A. El-Shayeb
ABSTRACT:
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of lemon basil, lemongrass and
citronella essential oil on prostatic cell line (PC-3) and adenocarcinoma breast cancer cell lines (MCF-
7) of in vitro compared with normal skin cell BJ-1. To improve ability of oil to prevent cell cancer
activation sonication at power 30 Hz for two time (2 min at room temperature RT and at 50 °C) and (4
min at room temperature RT and at 75 °C). Irradiation by gamma at 2.5, 5.0 and 10 KGy of the three
essential oils. A qualitative, quantitative analysis of the essential oil in the various fractions by GCMS
and UV-VIS analysis was carried out. The anticancer effect of each essential oil was determined
by MTT assay. The results summarize that basil, citronella and lemongrass oil initiate the cancer cell
death by decreasing cell proliferation and initiating apoptosis in PC-3 and MCF-7 cell lines with
decrease oxidation stress in normal cell BJ-1. Only sonication for 2 min at room temperature (S2-RT)
and 10 KGy irradiated essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum citrodorium; 10KGy, S2-RT and sonication for
2 min at 50 °C (S2-50 °C) for lemongrass and finally, 10 KGy, S2-50 °C and S4-75 °C for citronella
gave lethal effect of cancer cells and good viability of normal cell. GC-MS of original and irradiated
oil showed highest quantity of linalool, limonene, geranial, citronellal, neral, eugenol in lemongrass,
lemon basil and citronella oil. Slightly increase in limonene 0.019, 0.67 and 2.02 ug/ml; linalool 43.5,
30.53 and 34.02 ug/ml; methyl chavicol 7.07, 7.05 and 8.12 ug/ml, and eugenol 19.68, 12.63 and
19.98 ug/ml for original, S2-RT and 10 KGy of basil, respectively. The present findings of this study
clearly demonstrate the involvement of oxidative mechanism for the anti-proliferative effect in PC-3
and MCF-7 cell lines. PC-3 being chemosensitive showed good results (50.07 %) at lower
concentrations of Ocimum citrodorium essential oil (IC50 24 h 100 μg/ml) and 60.1% for MCF-7, as
compared to chemosensitive of both essential oil of Cymbopogaon nardus and Cymbopogaon Citratus
on PC-3 and MCF-7 cells (IC50 24 h 500 μg/ml and IC50 24 h 100 μg/ml, respectively). Whereas basil
oil exhibited better activity in both the cell lines. All the results suggest lemon basil, lemongrass and
citronella essential oil could be considered as potent candidates for anticancer agents
[ FULL TEXT PDF 750-766 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.62
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Co-Addition of Potassium Humate and Vinasse Enhances Growth and Yield In"Wonderful" Pomegranate Under Sandy Soil
Hassan A.M. Ali, E. Abd El-Razek, M.M.M. Abd El-Migeed and Fatma El-Zahraa
M. Gouda
ABSTRACT:
Although "Wonderful" pomegranate has recently been cultivated in large areas of sandy soil in Egypt,
it produces a low yield and quality. Soil applications of potassium humate and vinasse could
effectively be used in sandy soil to enhance soil nutrient status as well as to increase crops growth and
productivity. "Wonderful" pomegranate trees at the Experimental Research Station of National
Research Centre, El-Nubaria, Km 110 Cairo-Alex desert Road, El-Behera governorate, Egypt, were
treated with soil application of potassium humate (10g, 20g, and 40 g per tree), vinasse (500 mL and
1000 mL) and their combinations to form 12 treatments including the control (water only) to study
their effect on vegetative growth i.e. shoot length, leaf number, and leaf area, leaf (N, P, and K)
nutrient content, perfect flower percentage, fruit set percentage, yield, fruit weight, aril/fruit
percentage, T.S.S.%, and acidity%. Result shows that potassium humate & vinasse alone or together
improved vegetative growth parameters i.e. shoot length, leaves number per shoot and leaf area due to
their clear effect on increasing mineral leaf content that reflected also on improving yield and fruit
quality compared to control. Potassium humate & vinasse alone or together have a great impact on
improving not only the fruiting behavior viz perfect flower %, fruit set %, and productivity but also
fruit quality for both fruit physical characteristics such as fruit weight, aril/fruit % and fruit chemical
properties via TSS %. All abovementioned parameters were significantly higher in response to
potassium humate and vinasse in combinations than individual application. All treatments resulted in
significantly lower acidity compared to control. Among treatments, soil application of 40g potassium
humate plus 1000 mL vinasse is recommended since, it has a great influence on improving growth,
yield and fruit quality of "Wonderful" pomegranate under sandy soil conditions.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 767-777 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.63
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Response of Sugar Beet Yield and Quality to Fertilization with Different Nitrogen
Levels Combined With Compost
Hassouna B.A., A.A. Abo El-Soud and A.M.M. Biomy
ABSTRACT:
Two field experiments were carried out at Mallawi Agriculture Research Station Farm, Minia
governorate, Egypt, within two successive winter seasons of 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 to deduce the
effect of nitrogen mineral fertilizer combined with compost treatments on yield and quality of sugar
beet. Compost was prepared by utilizing a mixture of farm residues (Corn stalks and soybean straw)
inoculated with special bio-decomposer strains of bacteria and fungi under aerobic conditions. The
mixture received 10% rock-phosphate and 20% bentonit. After maturity the compost was amended
with nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate dissolving bacteria and potassium dissolving bacteria. Four
doses of nitrogen mineral fertilizer (0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N Fed-1) as ammonium nitrate 33.5% N per
Fed were used. Four levels of compost (0, 2, 4 and 6 Ton Fed-1) were used. Generally, mineral
fertilization with 75 kg nitrogen combined with 4 Ton Fed-1 compost gave the best values for root
length, root weight, root weight and yield. Data of top sugar beet plant (fresh, dry weight and yield)
reveals that there are significant difference among fertilized with 0, 50,75 and 100 kg N Fed-1 in the
presence of 0, 2, 4 and 6 Ton Fed-1 compost. The best values of fresh, dry weight and top yield were
recorded in the treatment received 75 kg N Fed-1 in the presence of 4 Ton Fed-1 compost. Significant
differences in sucrose extractable, carotenoids, chlorophylls a+b, potassium and ∞-amino N (meq
100g-1) were observed according to fertilization treatment levels. These results suggest that sugar beet
fertilization by 75% N RD (67.5 kg N) fed-1 of nitrogen combined with 4 Ton compost is highly
recommended to obtain the highest yield of sugar beet.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 778-786 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.64
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Improving of the Quality Properties of Cake Using Date Seed Powder
Nadra S. Y. Hassan
ABSTRACT:
Fruit and vegetable wastes and their by-products are formed in great amounts during the industrial
processes, which presents serious problems to the environment. Therefore, such materials should be
managed or prepared to be utilized. The aim of the present investigation is to determine the chemical
composition and bioactive compounds of the date seed powder and estimate the possibility of using
date seeds powder (DSP) in preparing cake by partially substituted of wheat flour at different levels
(10,20,30 and 40%). The effect of the date seeds powder on the physicochemical, sensory properties
and shelf life of the cakes was investigated. Results showed that DSP had a high content of fibers and
fats. It was, also rich in Ca, Mg, K and Na contents. Potassium was the most abundant mineral in DSP
.Seventeen phenol compounds and nine flavonoids were identified by a HPLC device. Results showed
that the fiber content of the prepared cakes was increased by increasing the substitution levels of DSP.
Substitutions by date seeds powder, significantly improved the cake volume. Results of textural
analysis showed that the date seeds powder decreased all the parameters. The sensory evaluation
showed that cakes prepared with DSP had high mean scores for overall acceptability except in case of
40% substitution level. The study also, showed that substitution with high levels of 20% and 30% of
date seeds powder affected the sensory evaluation, especially the color, as the color became dark
chocolate with the same smell, which made it distinguished from the control. All DSP cake samples
exhibited a lower microbiological count than control at zero time and during storage periods. So, the
substitution with DSP in cakes processing is recommended to prolong the shelf life of cake compared
with control sample with respect to microbiological assay.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 787-796 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.65
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Effect of Vermicompost and NPK-Nano Fertilizer on Jojoba Plant under degraded
Soil Condition
Nahla A. Hemdan, Mohamed M. Hussein, Soad El-Ashry and M.A. Abul-Soud
ABSTRACT:
Urban sprawl on the alluvial land of the River Nile and delta is one of the main problems that threaten
the limited fertile land in Egypt. A pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the National
Research Centre; soil was collected from the agricultural soils affected by urban sprawl in Giza
government to evaluate the effect of vermicompost and Nano nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
(NPK) fertilizer on some soil properties and NPK uptake of jojoba. Results showed that growth
parameters of jojoba increased with Nano fertilizer as foliar application compared to none Nano
fertilizer treatment, incorporating vermicompost in the soil with and without Nano fertilizer led to a
decrement in bulk density and increments in total porosity of soil, water holding pores and hence soil
water retention, hydraulic conductivity and mean diameter of soil pore, also obviously increased NPK
uptake and all growth parameters of jojoba compared to none vermicompost treatment. It might be
detected that jojoba as a biofuel crop and great salinity tolerant could be attained the financial income
in such degraded soils using vermicompost as soil amendment and Nano fertilizer as foliar application
on plant.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 797-808 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.66
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Using Different Substrate Materials (Local and Imported) For Producing Eggplant
on Rooftops
Neveen E. Metwally
ABSTRACT:
Turning rooftops in Egypt to green cultivated tops full with vegetable crops can help in food security
specially in big cities by increase the availability of fresh vegetables within cities and this can help in
more stability in vegetable prices and reduce the extreme fluctuation in vegetable prices that happens
in recent years. Furthermore, increase fresh vegetables help to secure food needs of citizens specially
under the situation of continuous increase of Egyptian population. In this context, an experiment was
carried out in the rooftop garden of Central Laboratory for Agricultural Climate (CLAC), Agriculture
Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during summer
seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of using different
substrate materials (local and imported) on the growth and production of eggplant cultivated in rooftop
gardens. The tested growing media consisted of local substrates mixed together or with imported
substrates available in the local market to reduce the cost of the growing media. 9 growing media have
been tested in this study in relation to growth and yield of eggplant grown on rooftops and their
description were as follow; sand : peat moss (1:1) v/v (SB1), sand : peat moss (2:1) v/v (SB2), sand :
perlite (1:1) v/v (SPe1), sand : perlite (2:1) v/v (SPe2), sand : rice husks (1:1) v/v (SR1), sand : rice
husks (2:1) v/v (SR2), sand : rice husks (1:2) v/v (SR3), crashed red bricks (CRb) and small gravel (Gr).
Different measurements have been recorded during the experimental time such as; plant height, number
of leaves, fresh and dry weights of aerial parts and roots, ratios between aerial parts and roots using
both fresh and dry weights values, yield per m2, (N, P, K) % in leaves, and initial costs of growing
media in comparison to yield. Results indicated that, from all 9 tested growing media mixtures SR1
recorded the highest values regarding plant growth and yield followed by SR2. Nevertheless, when we
compare between the cost of the growing media and yield, data indicated that SR2 was the cheapest
growing medium followed by SRI. The initial cost of the growing media was about 13.5 and 10.75 E.P
for SR1 and SR2 respectively and average yield was about 12.68 and 10.96 kg/m2 for SR1 and SR2
respectively), while the most expensive growing media was SPe1 .The initial cost for SPe1 was about
92.5 E.P and average yield was about 6.60 kg/m2). From all of that, both SR1 and SR2 can be considered
as the most suitable growing media consisted of local materials (sand and rice husks) for producing
eggplants on rooftops.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 809-818 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.67
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Transmission of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus through pungent chili pepper seeds
and analysis of some active constituents in leaves
Eman M. EL-Abagy
ABSTRACT:
One of the most dangerous plant viruses and a devastating agent for agriculture worldwide is the
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Forty seeds collected from four deformed chili pepper (Capsicum
annuum) pods in local Giza governorate markets were evaluated to determine transmissibility for CMV
in chili pepper seeds. Seventy-five percent of the seed sources germinated after five weeks. Seeds
soaked in sodium hypochlorite produce leaves more quickly than in water. The CMV has detected in
all symptomatic leaf samples with mosaic symptoms on emerging new leaves that tend to be somewhat
crinkled and a few samples without symptoms, which were selected randomly from resulting seedlings
that had CMV transmission rates of 40% and 50%, by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The
results suggest that the ability of CMV to transmit through seeds and its rate is diagnostic strategy
dependent. Based on RT-PCR results, three symptomatic young leaf samples, and healthy ones were
subjected to analysis using a spectrophotometer and HPLC to assess the impact of the infection on some
constituents of chili leaves. The findings suggest that chemical changes within the infected leaves of
chili pepper seeds by CMV showed diminishing contents of total phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid,
and the content of active capsaicin, as compared to healthy ones. The findings showed that CMV had a
detrimental effect on disease transmission in pepper seeds and may be helpful for strategies of viral
control at an early stage.
[ FULL TEXT PDF 819-826 ] DOI: 10.36632/csi/2021.10.4.68
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|